LOCATION FIVEPOINTS WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Fivepoints silt loam on a convex, north-facing slope of 12 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 329 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.) About 5 percent of the surface is covered by channers. The fragments are dolostone and chert.
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure;friable; many fine and medium roots; about 5 percent chert channers; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters thick)
Bt1--18 to 25 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent chert channers; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
2Bt2--25 to 48 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay; strong medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on the faces of peds and in pores; about 5 percent chert channers and about 3 percent dolostone and chert flagstones; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 38 centimeters thick)
3Bt3--48 to 89 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very channery loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on the faces of peds and in pores; thin residual coatings of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay occur around the dolostone rock fragments; about 35 percent dolostone channers; about 10 percent dolostone flagstones; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary. (15 to 64 centimeters thick)
3Rt--89 to 114 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) hard fractured dolostone bedrock that is shattered in the upper part and has clay in the narrow and widely spaced fractures.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Richland County, Wisconsin; located about 2 miles north of Keyesville; about 1,050 feet east and 250 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 10 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Bear Valley topographic quadrangle; latitude 43 degrees, 21 minutes, 51 seconds N; longitude 90 degrees 12 minutes, 28 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Loess thickness and depth to clayey pedisediment--15 to 30 centimeters.
Depth to bedrock--51 to 102 centimeters
Rock fragment kind--chert and dolostone
Rock fragment volume--0 to 15 percent channers in the loess, 3 to 35 percent channers and 0 to 15 percent flagstones in the pedisediment, and 35 to 70 percent channers and 0 to 15 flagstones in the residuum
Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Content of clay--20 to 27 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where limed
A horizon, where present:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Content of clay--20 to 27 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where limed
Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam.
Content of clay--22 to 35 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where limed
2Bt horizons:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--clay, clay loam, silty clay, silty clay loam or the channery or flaggy analogs
Content of clay--35 to 65 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
3Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--very channery loam, extremely channery loam, very channery sandy loam or extremely channery sandy loam
Content of clay--10 to 22 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
3R horizon:
Dolostone (dolomitic limestone), lithic contact with fractures more than 10 centimeters apart
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material--loess over clayey pedisediment over loamy residuum
Landform--hills in bedrock controlled uplands
Geologic Formation--Shakopee and Galena formations at the type location
Elevation--302 to 335 meters in the Shakopee Formation and 354 to 390 meters in the Galena Formation
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--762 to 864 millimeters
Frost free period--135 to 160 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the
Dorerton,
Elbaville,
Valton, and
Newglarus soils near the Type Location. The Dorerton and the Elbaville soils are in the steeper backslope positions on the landscape. The Dorerton soils are loamy-skeletal and the Elbaville soils are fine-loamy. The Newglarus and Valton soils are in similar positions on the landscape. The Newglarus and Valton soils have loess greater than 38 centimeters thick. The Valton soils also have clayey pedisediments greater than 38 centimeters thick.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during April to June in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.41-14.11 micrometers per second (moderately slow or moderate) in the loess, 0.07-1.41 micrometers per second (very slow or slow) in the pedisediment, 4.23-42.34 micrometers per second (moderate or moderately rapid) in the residuum; and 0.07-14.11 micrometers per second (very slow to moderate) in the dolostone
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. Some areas are used for Woodland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section,
MLRAs--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; southwestern Wisconsin
Extentmoderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, Wisconsin, 2002. Source of the name is an unincorporated town in Richland County.
REMARKS: The clayey pedisediment is of uncertain origin. It is thought to be a depositional feature and is locally referred as the "Rountree Formation". The pedisediment in Fivepoints is locally referred to as thin Rountree. It is high in clay like the classic Rountree but generally has brown colors and less coarse fragments than the soils with thicker Rountree materials. It is felt that a horizon is always present consisting of residuum from the underlying bedrock. This horizon can vary in thickness depending upon the position of the soil; lower shoulders often have thicker horizons than summits. In Dane County, Wisconsin, the Dunbarton series will be correlated as Fivepoints on the update as a residuum layer will be recognized overlying the bedrock. The Dunbarton series was mapped on both the Shakopee and Galena Formations.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon: 0 to 18 centimeters(Ap);
argillic horizon: 18 to 89 centimeters (Bt1, 2Bt2, 3Bt3);
strongly contrasting particle size classes within the control section 18 to 69 centimeters
lithic contact:89 centimeters (3Rt)
ADDITIONAL DATA: None available at this time.