LOCATION FREEMAN WA
Established Series
Rev. SMA/RWL/SHB
06/2016
FREEMAN SERIES
Landscape--Columbia basalt plateau
Landform--loess hills
Slope--0 to 25 percent
Parent material--Holocence and late Pleistocence loess with a minor amount of volcanic ash in upper part
Mean annual precipitation--about 580 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 8 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--moderately well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--aquic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquandic Palexeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Freeman ashy silt loam, cultivated, on a south-facing, 5-percent slope (When described on September 9, 2000, the soil was dry to a depth of 55 cm and slightly moist from a depth of 55 to 160 cm. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Ap1--0 to 5 cm; ashy silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear smooth boundary
Ap2--5 to 23 cm; ashy silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear smooth boundary
E--23 to 38 cm; silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine tubular pores and few fine irregular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt smooth boundary
Ec--38 to 53 cm; silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium angular blocky structure; hard, firm, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 1 percent very fine prominent redoximorphic concentrations and 2 percent very fine prominent iron-manganese concretions; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary
Btb/E--53 to 74 cm; 75 percent Btb part that is silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 10 percent distinct silt coatings and 20 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent E part that is silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; very hard, very firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 25 percent slightly brittle; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores and common very fine irregular pores; 2 percent fine prominent iron-manganese concretions; 2 percent fine prominent redoximorphic concentrations that are strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist and 10 percent fine and medium prominent and distinct redoximorphic depletions that are grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt wavy boundary
Btb1--74 to 99 cm; silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots between peds; few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent prominent organic stains, 20 percent distinct silt coatings, and 30 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine prominent iron-manganese concretions; 10 percent coarse and medium distinct redoximorphic depletions that are grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist and 5 percent medium prominent redoximorphic concentrations that are brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary
Btb2--99 to 135 cm; silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong coarse prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots between peds; few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent prominent organic stains, 10 percent distinct silt coatings, and 50 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent fine prominent iron-manganese concretions; 2 percent medium prominent redoximorphic concentrations that are brown (7.5YR 5/3) moist and 5 percent medium distinct redoximorphic depletions that are light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary
Btb3--135 to 157 cm; silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; strong medium prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots between peds; few very fine tubular pores; 5 percent prominent organic stains, 20 percent faint silt coatings that are light gray (10YR 7/2) moist, and 80 percent prominent clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent fine prominent iron-manganese concretions; neutral (pH 6.6)
TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington, about 7 km southeast of the town of Freeman, Washington, about 2 km south of Elder Road on Harvard Road; about 60 m west and 265 m north of the southeast corner of section 9, T. 23 N., R. 45 E.; Setters, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangle; latitude 47.4950867 longitude -117.1111908, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from PLSS details)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--8 to 9 degrees C
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice in most years
Depth to argillic horizon--40 to 75 cm
Average content of clay in particle-size control section--20 to 35 percent in upper part, 27 to 40 percent in lower part
Thickness of volcanic ash influence--18 to 25 cm
Estimated properties of layers influenced by volcanic ash
*Content of volcanic glass in the 0.02- to 2-mm fraction--5 to 20 percent
*Acid oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.4 to 1.0 percent
*Moist bulk density--1.0 to 1.2 g/cm3
Ap horizon, and A horizon (where present)
*Value--3 or 4 moist
*Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
*Content of clay--15 to 18 percent
*Reaction--5.1 to 6.0
*Combined thickness of Ap horizon--18 to 25 cm
E and Ec horizons
*Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
*Value--6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
*Chroma--2 or 3 dry, 2 to 4 moist
*Content of clay--12 to 17 percent
*Reaction--4.5 to 7.3
*Combined thickness of E and Ec horizons--8 to 30 cm
Btb/E horizon
*Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
*Value--5 to 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
*Chroma--2 to 4 dry, 3 to 5 moist
*Texture--silty clay loam, silt loam
*Content of clay-22 to 35 percent
*Reaction--5.1 to 7.3
*Thickness--8 to 25 cm
E horizon material coats peds in upper part of Btb horizon in some pedons.
Btb horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
*Chroma--3 or 4 moist
*Texture--silty clay loam, silty clay
*Content of clay--27 to 45 percent
*Reaction--5.1 to 7.3
*Combined thickness--40 to 110 cm or more
COMPETING SERIES: None
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--730 to 810 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, wet winters
Mean July air temperature--about 20 degrees C
Mean January air temperature--about -3 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--510 to 635 mm
Frost-free season--100 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Dearyton--fine; on foothills and uplands
Caldwell--mollic epipedon; on flood plains
Larkin--mollic epipedon; on hills, plateaus, and structural benches
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately low
Seasonal perched water table--between depths of 35 and 55 cm in January through April
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--dominantly crop production
Common crops--small grain, peas, alfalfa, grass
Potential natural vegetation--ponderosa pine, scattered Douglas-fir, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, pinegrass, sedges, rose, common snowberry, serviceberry
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Washington and possibly northern Idaho; MLRA 9; moderate extent
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 1964
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Albic horizon--zone from 23 to 53 cm
*Vitrandic feature--zone from surface to a depth of 23 cm
*Argillic horizon--zone from 53 to 157 cm; clay content does not decrease as depth increases
*Particle-size control section--zone from 53 to 104 cm
This pedon was redescribed at the type location to better reflect the typical colors of the ochric epipedon.
6/2016--This official series description (OSD) was updated as part of the final correlation of the Spokane County, Washington, soil survey. The formatting was updated according to SSR1 Technical Note 11--Content and Format of Official Series Descriptions (revised 12/2015).
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data available--Spokane County, Washington; sample number S01-WA-063-002; Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, pedon number 02N0113
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.