LOCATION FROHLING MI
Established Series
CFS-JJJ-LMC
06/2011
FROHLING SERIES
The Frohling series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loamy till on till-floored lake plains, ground moraines, and end moraines. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the subsoil, very slow in the fragipan, and moderate in the underlying material. Slopes range from 1 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 35 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 40 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Fragiorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Frohling fine sandy loam in an area of Frohling-Tokiahok complex, very stony, dissected on a 28 percent east facing slope in a forested area at an elevation of 1,120 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. When described on November 3, 1994, the soil was moist throughout).
Oe--0 to 1 inch; black (10YR 2/1) partially decomposed forest litter; strongly acid. (1/4 to 1 inch thick)
A--1 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam; gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 2 inches thick)
E--2 to 7 inches thick; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, light gray (5YR 7/1) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
Bhs--7 to 9 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bs--9 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
(E/B)x--16 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, light gray (5YR 7/1) dry (E); occupies about 70 percent of the horizon surrounding isolated remnants of reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); common distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on ped faces and in root channels; weak thin platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; very firm; common fine vesicular pores; few very fine to medium roots in cracks 12 to 24 inches apart; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid. (0 to 50 inches thick)
(B/E)x--34 to 80 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); common distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on ped faces and in root channels; occupies about 60 percent of the horizon surrounded by peds of reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, light gray (5YR 7/1) dry (E); weak medium platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very firm; common fine vesicular pores; few very fine to medium roots in cracks 12 to 24 inches apart; about 5 percent cobbles and 3 percent gravel; strongly acid. (20 to 50 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Michigan; about 1.25 miles southwest of Carlshend; 600 feet north and 2,150 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 45 N., R. 24 W.; USGS Carlshend topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 18 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 14 minutes 58 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the fragipan ranges from 15 to 25 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent and the volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon.
The Oe horizon has hue 5YR to 10YR, or is neutral. Some pedons have an Oa horizon with colors similar to the Oe horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is dominantly fine sandy loam but the range includes sandy loam and loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid.
The E part of the (E/B)x and (B/E)x horizons has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. The B part of the (E/B)x and (B/E)x horizons has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. These horizons are very hard or extremely hard when dry and very firm to extremely firm when moist. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have a C horizon. It has a hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Soperton and
Steuben series and the closely related
Schweitzer series. Soperton soils have a 12 to 36 inch thick mantle with more than 50 percent silt. Steuben soils average more than 85 percent sand in the series control section within a depth of 40 inches. The closely related Schweitzer soils are superactive and average more than 15 percent rock fragments in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Frohling soils are on ground moraines and end moraines of Wisconsinan age. These soils commonly occur on dissected landscapes with slopes ranging from 1 to 70 percent. The Frohling soils formed in loamy till which appears to be derived from Jacobsville sandstone. Elevations range from 850 to 1500 feet. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 38 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 43 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from 100 to 130 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Frohling soils are associated with
Abbaye,
Kalkaska,
Munising,
Onota,
Skanee, and
Tokiahok soils. The Tokiahok, Kalkaska, Onota and Abbaye soils occur in similar landscape positions and are often in complexes with Frohling. Tokiahok soils formed in sandy outwash overlying loamy glacial till. Kalkaska soils formed in sandy glacial deposits. The Onota and Abbaye soils formed in loamy material 20 to 40 inches thick overlying sandstone bedrock. The moderately well drained Munising and somewhat poorly drained Skanee soils are found on adjacent lower landscape positions and form a drainage sequence with the Frohling soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is low to high, dependent on slope. Permeability is moderate in the upper part, very slow in the fragipan, and moderate in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is forestland. The principal tree species is sugar maple, with varying amounts of yellow birch, hemlock, and aspen. Some minor areas are used for cropland and pastureland. Common ground species include spinulose shield fern, wild lily-of-the-valley, starflower, shining clubmoss, and twisted stalk.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marquette County, Michigan, 1998. The source of the name is a waterfall located on the West Branch of the Chocolay River.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (Oe,A,E horizons); Albic horizon - 2 to 7 inches (E horizon); Spodic horizon - 7 to 16 inches (Bhs,Bs horizons); Glossic horizon - 16 to 80 inches (E/B)x, (B/E)x horizons); Argillic horizon - 34 to 80 inches ((B/E)x horizon); Fragipan - 16 to 80 inches ((E/B)x, (B/E)x horizons); Particle-size control section - the zone from 10 to 16 inches. Calcareous substratum phases are recognized. This soil replaces the well drained phase of the Munising series.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.