LOCATION FULMER IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Fulmer loam - pasture. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A11--0 to 2 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) (dark grayish brown 10YR 4/2 crushed) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak thin and very thin platy, parting to weak very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial pores; moderately calcareous; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
A12g--2 to 11 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; very few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate fine, very fine, and medium granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; strongly calcareous, few fine spots of calcium carbonate; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
B21g--11 to 25 inches; light gray (2.5Y 6/1) loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) moist; few fine distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles, weak fine and very fine granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; few fine soft very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly calcareous; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
B22g--25 to 41 inches; light gray (2.5Y 6/1) heavy silt loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) moist; many medium faint mottles of grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist, and few fine distinct mottles of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium fine and very fine granular structure; hard, firm, sticky, plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; very few fine soft very dark gray, iron-manganese concretions; strongly calcareous; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 25 inches thick)
Cg--41 to 62 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) loam, gray (2.5Y 5/1) moist; few very fine distinct light yellowish brown mottles; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; strongly calcareous; mildly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Bingham County, Idaho; 700 feet south and 200 feet east of the northwest corner of section 3, T. 3 S., R. 36 E.; about 4 miles south of Wapello.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 42 degrees to 47 degrees F., and the mean summer temperature at a depth of 20 inches ranges from 59 degrees to 66 degrees F. The soils are usually moist and are saturated throughout for 4 to 5 months during the spring and summer unless drained. The 10- to 40-inch control section is dominantly medium textured and averages 18 to 27 percent clay, more than 15 percent particles coarser than very fine sand, and less than 15 percent rock fragments. The profile is calcareous throughout, but there is no calcic horizon that has its upper boundary within 30 inches of the surface. Many pedons are saline. The organic matter content decreases regularly with depth and reaches a level of 0.5 percent or less within 50 inches of the surface. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 14 inches thick. In some untilled pedons a 1- to 30-inch horizon of peat, muck, or mineral soil with much organic matter is at the surface. The Ap or the upper 10-inch horizon when mixed has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4.5 to 5.5 dry, 2.5 to 3.5 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has weak granular to weak subangular blocky structure. Faint or distinct mottles with chroma of 2 or less are immediately below the mollic epipedon. The B and C horizons are moderately or strongly calcareous.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Blackfoot, Bowman, Fingal, Fury, Kovich, McBeth, Parehat, Roliss, Tew, and Wingville series. Blackfoot, Fingal, and Parehat soils are not saturated throughout and do not have mottles immediately below the mollic epipedons. Bowman and McBeth soils have less than 18 percent clay in the control section and a mean annual soil temperature warmer than 47 degrees F. Bowman soils are not calcareous through the 10- to 20-inch layer. McBeth soils have less than 15 percent particles coarser than very fine sand. Fury, Kovich, and Wingville soils have mollic epipedons thicker than 24 inches, and the Fury soils are noncalcareous. Roliss soils have a calcic horizon at a depth of 30 inches or less. Tew soils are neutral or mildly alkaline in the lower layers and are noncalcareous below 15 to 30 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The soils are on level river terraces at elevations of 4,100 to 4,600 feet. Slopes are less than 2 percent. The soils formed in mixed alluvium. The climate is semiarid with dry summers. Mean annual precipitation is 10 to 13 inches, including 2 to 5 feet of snowfall. Average freeze-free period is 94 to 126 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Firth, Presto, Wapello, Weeding, and Wolverine soils. Firth and Wapello soils are moderately coarse textured, and the Presto, Weeding, and Wolverine soils are mainly coarse textured.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow runoff; moderate permeability in the A and upper C horizons and moderate or moderately slow permeability in the underlying lake-laid sediments.
USE AND VEGETATION: Drained phases are cultivated under irrigation for hay, pasture, potatoes, sugar beets, and small grains. The undrained phases are used mainly for grazing. The principal native plants are rushes, sedges, alkali bluegrass, saltgrass, wiregrass, and annual forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The series is inextensive on the terraces of the Upper Snake River Valley in eastern Idaho.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bingham County, Idaho, 1972.
REMARKS: The soils were classified formerly as Humic Gley soils.