LOCATION GALLAND IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Chromic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Galland loam - on a 9 percent southeast-facing slope in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
E--5 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; nearly continuous light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt coatings on faces of peds; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 12 inches; mixed dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; common fine distinct dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles; strong fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; nearly continuous light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry silt coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay; common fine prominent red (10R 4/8) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles and common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; nearly continuous thick dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--19 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6 and 5/8) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and common fine prominent red (10R 4/8) mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark (concretions iron and manganese oxides); strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--27 to 38 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; few fine faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common discontinuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides); medium acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 25 to 45 inches.)
BC--38 to 48 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; few fine faint yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides); common 2- to 5-mm pebbles; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 14 inches thick)
C--48 to 60 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) mottles; massive; firm; few old fine root channels filled with dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam; few fine dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides); slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Lee County, Iowa; about 2 miles southeast of Primrose; 40 feet north and 350 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 26, T. 68 N., R. 7 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum ranges from 36 to 72 inches in thickness. Carbonates are not present in the solum and to a depth of several feet in the C horizon. Pebbles and coarser fragments are lacking in the upper 30 inches of the solum, but they are in strata in some pedons below this depth. The solum is medium acid to very strongly acid in the most acid part.
The A horizon is very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) or very dark gray (10YR 3/1).
Cultivated areas have an Ap horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. The E horizon typically has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.
The E horizon typically is loam but is clay loam in some pedons.
The Bt horizon is quite variable in texture over short distances but typically is clay loam, clay, or silty clay. Clay content averages about 38 to 45 percent but ranges from 35 to 48 percent. The Bt horizon typically has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 2 to 6. In at least part of the Bt horizon, hues of 7.5YR or redder are present as matrix colors or as many distinct or prominent mottles. Chroma of 1 with value of 4 or 5 are within the range when such horizons have many distinct reddish and yellowish brown mottles with hues of 7.5YR or redder.
The BC and C horizons have hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y with values of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 8. Moderately coarse to fine textured sediments high in quartz are common in the lower part of the BC horizon and in the C horizon. Strata of sandy loam are less than 6 inches thick where they are as shallow as 40 inches in depth.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Colp, Gorin, Jackland, Keswick, and Weller soils in the same family and the Adair, Armstrong, Caleb, Douds, Lindley, Lineville, and Mystic series. Colp soils have less sand in their sola and lack 5YR hues in the Bt horizon. Gorin soils are lower in sand in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Jackland soils are formed in residuum that weathered from diabase and basalt. The Keswick, Adair, and Armstrong soils contain a pebble band in the upper part of the solum, contain stones and pebbles throughout the major part of the B horizon, and lack stratification in the lower part of the B and C horizons. Weller soils formed in loess and contain less sand throughout the B horizons. Caleb soils lack 7.5YR or 5YR hues as matrix colors in the Bt horizon. Douds soils have less clay in the Bt horizon and lack mottles in the upper part of the B horizon. Lindley soils have less clay in the B horizon and lack stratification in the lower part of the B and C horizons. Lineville soils average less than 35 percent clay in the upper part of the argillic horizon, are deeper to horizons of maximum clay, and are less stratified in the C horizon. Mystic soils have a thicker A horizon or a darker colored Ap horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Galland soils are on convex ridgetops and side slopes of high stream terraces that border valleys of major streams and their tributaries. The areas are distinctly higher in elevation than the modern flood plain but are lower in elevation than the late Wisconsinan recent dissection slopes on which the Shelby, Gara, and Lindley soils formed. Slope gradients range from 5 to 18 percent. Galland soils formed in late Sangamon paleosols which formed in alluvium. Mean annual temperature ranges from about 50 to 54 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 36 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Douds and Lindley soils and the Gara soils. The Douds soils are downslope from the Galland soils on that portion of the interfluve which has been truncated in recent (Wisconsinan) time. Gara or Lindley soils commonly are upslope on that portion of the glacial till slope that was dissected in late Wisconsinan time. Gara soils contain less clay in the Bt horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. These soils are seasonally wet and seepy; surface runoff is medium to rapid. Permeability is slow. Depth to an intermittent perched water table is 1 to 3 feet at some time from November through July in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are used for hay and pasture; some areas remain in native woodland. A few areas are used for cultivated crops. Native vegetation was deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Iowa. These soils are of moderate extent. About 10,000-12,000 acres are in Iowa.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lee County, Iowa, 1976.
REMARKS: Classification only was updated 3/94 for final correlations in Iowa. Changes include proposals made in Amendment 17 of Soil Taxonomy. Competing series and other updates will be made later. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 5 inches (A horizon); albic horizon - the zone from a depth of 5 to 9 inches (E horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from a deptth of 9 to 38 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons).
Water table depth and drainage class have been updated by agreement by the MLRA 108 steering committee on water table depths and drainage class, 4/98