LOCATION GALLINAS                NM

Tentative Series
Rev. AJM
06/2022

GALLINAS SERIES

The Gallinas series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately slowly or moderately permeable soils that formed in alluvium or slope alluvium derived from upland soils formed on Cretaceous bedrock plateau. Gallinas soils occur along stream terraces within plateau river valleys. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 410 mm and mean annual soil temperature is about 11.7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Vegocito and Gallinas soils, stream terraces; rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 in.); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dry; 40 percent sand; 18 percent clay; weak coarse platy structure parts to moderate coarse granular structure; very friable, soft, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots and common medium roots; common fine tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; 1 percent subrounded weakly cemented 2- to 75-mm coal fragments; noneffervescent; slightly acid, pH 6.2; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1--8 to 28 cm (3 to 11 in.); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dry; 35 percent sand; 22 percent clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots and many medium roots and common very fine roots; common medium tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; 20 percent faint clay films on all faces of peds; 1 percent subrounded weakly cemented 2- to 75-mm coal fragments; slight effervescence; neutral, pH 6.7; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--28 to 47 cm (11 to 19 in.); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dry; 33 percent sand; 30 percent clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine roots and common medium roots and common very fine roots; many fine interstitial and common medium tubular pores; 25 percent faint clay films on all faces of peds; 1 percent subrounded weakly cemented 2- to 75-mm coal fragments; noneffervescent; neutral, pH 7.0; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3--47 to 90 cm (19 to 36 in.); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dry; 30 percent sand; 30 percent clay; medium prismatic structure parts to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, hard, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine roots and common medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 10 percent faint clay films on all faces of peds; 1 percent subrounded weakly cemented 2- to 75-mm coal fragments; noneffervescent; neutral, pH 7.2; gradual smooth boundary.

Btk--90 to 190 cm (36 to 76 in.); dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3), dry; 40 percent and; 27 percent clay; 20 percent medium distinct spherical yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 20 percent medium distinct spherical dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, hard, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine roots and common very fine roots; common fine tubular and common very fine tubular and common very fine interstitial pores; 10 percent faint clay films on all faces of peds; 3 percent fine dendritic carbonate masses on surfaces along pores; 4 percent subrounded weakly cemented 2- to 75-mm coal fragments; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline, pH 7.4.

TYPE LOCATION: Colfax County, New Mexico; about 9 miles north of the town of Maxwell. Lat Lon: 36.6683, -104.5793 at 1889 m (6182') elevation.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Gallinas soils have an aridic-ustic soil moisture regime and receive most of their precipitation during the months of May through September.
Mollic epipedon: more than 50cm thick
Particle-size control section: 18 to 35 percent clay
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent from 0 to 25cm, less than 15 percent in any horizon below 25cm
Fragments: 0 to 20 percent mixed, rounded, gravels or cobbles may be present in any horizon.

Other features: Buried A, or C horizons (stratified layers with high amounts of sands and gravels) may occur below 100 cm depth in some pedons.
A horizons - Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR; Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline.
Thickness: 5 to 25 cm

Bt horizons - Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR; Value: 4 to 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
Reaction: Neutral to moderately alkaline.
Thickness: 25 to 60 cm

Btk horizons - Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR; Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline.
Thickness: 35 to 120 cm

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Albinas(MLRAs 67, 69), Bluewater(MLRA 35), Dondiego(MLRA 36), Estrada(MLRA 42C), Farnum(MLRA 79), Funmar(MLRA 79), Garrett(MLRAs 67B, 58B), Haxtun(MLRAs 67,69), Jarita(MLRA 42C), Keya(MLRAs 65, 66, 63B), Prosper(MLRA 61), Renner(MLRA 39), and the Sampson(MLRAs 49,67, and 69), Vosburg(MLRA 36), Wetterdon(MLRAs 43B, 58B), and Woodly(MLRAs 63A, 63B, 64, 72, and 73) series.
Albinas, Haxtun, Prosper, Sampson, and Woodly soils have 2.5Y colors.
Bluewater and Dondiego soils are drier (330-406 MAP) and do not receive the bulk of their growing season moisture until July.
Estrada, Jarita, and Wetterdon soils are colder (7.8 to 8.9 oC) and do not receive the bulk of their growing season moisture until July.
Farnum, Funmar, Keya, Prosper, and Renner soils are ustic bordering on udic.
Garrett, Haxtun, and Sampson soils have their peak precipitation period beginning during the earlier spring months.
Haxtun soils have a sandy, overblown surface.
Jarita soils are moderately deep over limestone bedrock.
Renner soils are formed in materials derived from glacial till.
Vosburg soils generally receive half their precipitation in the winter months.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Gallinas soils occur on stream terraces of plateau river valleys and formed from floodplain alluvial deposits with a fining-upward sequence and some amount of loess deposits at the surface. Most of these terrace positions are on landforms old enough to have a developed argillic horizon, but young enough to still have a stratified layer within 200 cm depth that includes sandy or gravelly alluvial materials.
Slope range: from 0 to 3 percent but can be as high as 8 percent along terrace risers.
Mean annual precipitation: from 381 to 457 mm (15 to 18 inches)
Mean annual soil temperature from 9.4 to 14.4 degrees C (49 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual air temperature: from 8.3 to 12.8 degrees C (47 to 57 degrees F.)
The frost-free season: from 130 to 175 days
Elevation: from 1676 to 2286 m (5,500 to 7,500 feet)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Vegocito and Philmont series. The Vegocito soils are on stream terraces of riparian systems and have a fine family texture class. Philmont soils are on upland landforms with a mollic epipedon less than 50cm thick.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff is negligible on slopes less than 1 percent, very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes, low on 3 to 5 percent slopes and medium on 5 to 10 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION: Principal use is for dryland and irrigated cropland and pasture. Present vegetation is blue grama, western wheatgrass, vine mesquite, alkali sacaton, arctic rush, buffalograss and minor amounts of fourwing saltbush and cacti. This series is correlated to the Low Terraces ecosite GX070A01X012.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern New Mexico, LRR G, in MLRA 70A along the Canadian Plateaus of the Southwestern Great Plains; LRU 70A.1 (Canadian Plateaus). The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Colfax County, New Mexico, 2020. The name Gallinas comes from the Gallinas River flowing through Las Vegas, NM.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon (cumulic) - (A and B horizons) 0 to 190 cm (0 to 76 in.).
Argillic horizon - (Bt and Btk horizons) 8 to 190 cm (3 to 76 in.)
Secondary carbonates - (Btk horizon) 90 to 190cm (36 to 76 in.)

ADDITIONAL DATA:
User Pedon ID: S2020NM007001
KSSL Lab Source ID: 20N0582

This soil was formerly correlated to the Manzano series but was updated to reflect the differing characteristics of their corresponding MLRAs and landform characteristics.
Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy Twelfth Edition, 2014.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.