LOCATION GARMORE IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Garmore loam, on a convex slope of about 2 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--15 to 28 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--28 to 43 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
AB--43 to 53 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw1--53 to 91 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; dark brown (10YR 3/3) coats on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--91 to 109 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw3--109 to 125 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
BC--125 to 158 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few oxide stains on vertical faces; few dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coats on faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
C--158 to 200 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) loam; massive; friable; few fine prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Humboldt County, Iowa subset; about 1 1/2 miles south and 3 1/2 miles east of Gilmore City; located about 1,250 feet east and 75 feet south of the northwest corner of section 14, T. 91 N., R. 30 W.; USGS Unique topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 42 minutes 09 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 21 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--50 to 60 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--125 to 175 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 27 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 50 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--25 to 50 centimeters
AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 50 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--24 to 30 percent
Sand content--30 to 50 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.8
Thickness--50 to 100 centimeters
BC and C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--4 or 6
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--30 to 50 percent
Reaction--pH 6.6 to 7.8
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.60 g/cc
Thickness of BC horizon--20 to 40 centimeters
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Ridgeton series.
Ridgeton--are in areas with slopes of 6 to 45 percent, see remarks
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--friable, loam or clay loam till of Wisconsin Age
Landform--plane or slightly convex slopes on intermediate levels of uplands below undulating convex highs or knolls and above the poorly defined swales
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Clarion,
Faxon,
Nicollet, and
Rolfe soils.
Clarion--are on slightly higher landscape positions and have a mollic epipedon less than 50 centimeters thick
Faxon--are on lower landscape positions on plane or slightly concave slopes on rock-cored terraces or structural benches and have limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters
Nicollet--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Garmore soils and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.45 and 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Rolfe--are on slightly lower landscape positions in depressions, are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation and have a clay content of 35 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--in a natural condition, a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 1 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.0 to 10.0 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-5 (Albert Lea, MN)
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Humboldt County, Iowa, 1958.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 53 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 53 to 158 centimeters (Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and BC horizons);
udic moisture regime.
The Garmore series was set up originally to describe areas where bedrock was within 15 feet or so of the surface, but is this is not series criteria.
Differentia between Garmore series and Ridgeton series needs further study.
Cation-exchange class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomic version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006