LOCATION GLASSHAWK               NV

Established Series
Rev. SES-JBF-TM-JVC
12/2019

GLASSHAWK SERIES

The Glasshawk series consists of shallow to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in volcanic ash and alluvium derived from volcanic rocks. Glasshawk soils are on relict beaches. Slopes are 2 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy, glassy, mesic, shallow Cambidic Haplodurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Glasshawk very gravelly ashy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 5 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly ashy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong medium platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine vesicular pores; slightly effervescent; 50 percent igneous gravel; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 8 cm thick)

A2--5 to 18 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) ashy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong very thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine vesicular pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 15 cm thick)

Bqk--18 to 30 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly ashy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent strong cemented duripan fragments; violently effervescent; 10 percent igneous gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 18 cm thick)

Bqkm1--30 to 41 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) cemented very gravelly material, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; strong very thick platy structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; 75 percent strongly silica and carbonate cemented; 20 percent silica coats on plates; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear irregular boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bqkm2--41 to 61 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) cemented material, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate thick platy structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; 90 percent strongly silica and carbonate cemented; 20 percent silica coats on plates; 10 percent 1 to 3 mm discontinuous silica laminae; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 53 cm thick)

Bqkm3--61 to 89 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium platy structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; 90 percent strongly silica and carbonate cemented, 10 percent indurated; 20 percent silica coats on plates; many very fine through medium roots in horizontal pockets; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

Bqkm4--89 to 117 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) cemented material, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; strongly cemented by silica and carbonates; 20 percent silica and carbonate coats between plates; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 56 cm thick)

Bqkm5--117 to 122 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) cemented material, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; strongly cemented by silica and carbonates; many 0.5 mm thick carbonate coats on plates; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary.

Crqk--122 to 152 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) tuff-breccia, pale b (2.5Y 8/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; very thick platy rock structure; 0.5 to 1 mm thick silica and carbonate coats on plates; few 0.5 to 1 mm silica pendants; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; on the southeast side of Duck Flat; approximately 1,600 feet west and 600 feet south of the northeast corner of section 26, T. 36 N., R. 20 E.; USGS Hillside Spring 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 58 minutes 32.7 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 41 minutes 54.1 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.9757778 latitude, -119.6984444 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture; Usually dry, moist in winter and early spring, dry late May through November; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to duripan: 25 to 36 cm.
Depth to bedrock: 100 to 150 cm to a paralithic contact. The paralithic materials below the contact are weathered volcanic rocks such as tuff or tuff-breccia.
Volcanic glass content: 40 to 60 percent in coarse silt through very coarse sand fractions.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 8 to 15 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 30 percent, mainly gravel. Lithology of fragments is volcanic rocks such as tuff and tuff-breccia.

A horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.

Bqk horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: Averages 8 to 15 percent.
Coarse fragments: 15 to 35 percent.
Structure: Weak or moderate, thin to thick, platy, subangular blocky, or
horizon is massive.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
Sodicity (SAR): 30 to 50.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Glasshawk soils are on relict beaches. They formed in volcanic ash and alluvium derived from volcanic rocks. Slopes are 2 to 8 percent. Elevations range from 1,375 to 1,590 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Macnot, Nomazu, and Saraph soils. Macnot soils are ashy-skeletal, very deep, and have calcic horizons. Nomazu soils are ashy, very deep, and have calcic horizons. Saraph soils are shallow and have argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; high surface runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Glasshawk soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly shadscale, bud sagebrush, and bottlebrush squirreltail.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Nevada. These soils are not extensive with about 1,900 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 23.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada, 2006.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and A2 horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 18 to 122 cm (Bqk, Bqkm1, Bqkm2, Bqkm3, Bqkm4, and Bqkm5 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 30 to 122 cm (Bqkm1, Bqkm2, Bqkm3, Bqkm4, and Bqkm5 horizons).
Paralithic contact - The boundary at 122 cm to underlying weathered bedrock (Crqk layer).
Particle-size control section and ashy substitute class with glassy mineralogy - The zone from the soil surface to 30 cm (A1, A2, and Bqk horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.