LOCATION GOESSEL KS
Established Series
Rev. HLP REM DJK
07/2020
GOESSEL SERIES
The Goessel series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium. Goessel soils are on paleoterraces on river valleys in Central Kansas Sandstone Hills, MLRA 74. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 810 millimeters (32 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is about 13 degrees C (56 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Haplusterts
TYPICAL PEDON: Goessel silty clay, on a 0.5 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of 465 meters (1525 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.) As described on March 19, 2014.
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay (40 percent clay and 4 percent sand), black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak very fine angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common very fine roots; few sand grains; very strongly acid (pH 1:1 H2O of 4.7); abrupt smooth boundary. Lab sample # KSUSS4447.
A--18 to 36 centimeters (7 to 14 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay (45 percent clay and 5 percent sand), black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common very fine roots; few very fine pores; few sand grains; moderately acid (pH 1:1 H2O of 6.0); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 13 to 46 centimeters (5 to 18 inches)). Lab sample # KSUSS4448.
Bss--36 to 64 centimeters (14 to 25 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay (44 percent clay and 4 percent sand), very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate fine angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; common distinct slickensides (pedogenic) inclined at a 45 degree angle from horizontal; few sand grains; slightly acid (pH 1:1 H2O 6.4); gradual smooth boundary. (18 to 76 centimeters (7 to 30 inches) thick) Lab sample # KSUSS4449
BC1--64 to 89 centimeters (25 to 35 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay (41 percent clay and 11 percent sand), dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; moderate fine angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; ; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron and common fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; few sand grains; slightly acid (pH 1:1 H2O of 6.3); gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample # KSUSS4450.
BC2--89 to 127 centimeters (35 to 50 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam (38 percent clay and 19 percent sand), dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; weak fine angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron and common fine faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; few sand grains; neutral (pH 1:1 H2O of 6.7; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the BC horizons is 20 to 76 centimeters (8 to 30 inches)). Lab sample # KSUSS4451.
2C1--127 to 165 centimeters (50 to 65 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam (32 percent clay and 30 percent sand), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; extremely hard, very firm; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron and common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; few fine iron-manganese concretions; 1 percent rounded fine quartz gravel; noticeable increase in sand content from horizon above; neutral (pH 1:1 H2O of 6.9); gradual smooth boundary. Lab sample # KSUSS4452
2C2--165 to 200 centimeters (65 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam (37 percent clay and 31 percent sand), brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; extremely hard, very firm; ; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron and common medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; few fine iron-manganese concretions; 1 percent rounded fine quartz gravel; neutral (pH 1:1 H2O of 7.2).
TYPE LOCATION: McPherson County, Kansas; 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) west and 0.8 kilometers (1/2 mile) south of Goessel; 759 meters (2,490 feet) west and 802 meters (2,640 feet) north of the southeast corner of sec. 11, T. 21 S., R. 1 W. (Public Land Survey location); Hesston USGS quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees, 14 minutes, 20.9 seconds N.; longitude 97 degrees, 23 minutes, and 55.5 degrees W, NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February; ustic moisture regime bordering on udic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 58 degrees F)
Depth of the mollic epipedon: 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 100 to greater than 200 centimeters (40 to greater than 80 inches)
Depth to redoximorphic features: 46 to 76 centimeters (18 to 30 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 46 to greater than 200 centimeters (18 to greater than 80 inches)
Particle size control section (weighted average) clay: 35 to 55 percent
Particle size control section (weighted average) sand: 1 to 20 percent
Ap and A horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Note: Reaction can range to very strongly acid if large amounts of ammonium based fertilizers are added and no liming is performed.
Bss horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Note: Slickensides or wedge shaped peds occur in most pedons.
BC horizon (some places Bk, Bky, or By):
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 3 to 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Sand content: 1 to 20 percent
Redoximorphic features: masses of oxidized iron and/or iron depletions are common.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent
EC (dS/m): 0.5 to 4
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent; occurs as nests and seams in some pedons
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6 dry and 2 to 5 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay, clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Sand content: 15 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features: masses of oxidized iron and/or iron depletions are common.
Rock fragments: 0 to 1 percent rounded fine quartz gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent
EC (dS/m): 0.5 to 4
Gypsum: 0 to 3 percent; occurs as nests and seams in some pedons
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium
Landform: paleoterraces on river valleys
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: 400 to 480 meters (1310 to 1580 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 57 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 760 to 890 millimeters (30 to 35 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 180 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the
Irwin,
Ladysmith, and
Rosehill soils.
Irwin soils have an accumulation of illuvial clay and are on lower convex slopes.
Ladysmith soils have an accumulation of illuvial clay and are on similar landform positions.
Rosehill soils have shale occurring within 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) and are on lower convex slopes.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Moderately well
Runoff: medium or high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: low
Saturation: a perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 61 to 91 centimeters (2 to 3 feet)
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. Principle crops are wheat and grain sorghum. Native vegetation is mid or tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Land Resource Region H, Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region; Major Land Resource Area 74, Central Kansas Sandstone Hills. The series is of moderate extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marion County, Kansas, 1930. The name is from a nearby small town.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this profile are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches). (A, Bss, BC1, and BC2 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 64 centimeters (0 to 25 inches). (Ap, A, and Bss horizons)
Redoximorphic features: In the zone from 64 to 200 centimeters (25 to 80 inches). (BC1, BC2, 2C1, and 2C2 horizons)
Vertic features: The presence of slickensides at 36 to 64 centimeters (14 to 25 inches). (Bss horizon)
Lithologic discontinuity: At the upper boundary of the 2C horizon.
Gilgai features have been observed in areas of Goessel soils in native pasture.
Keys to Taxonomy: Eleventh Edition, 2010.
Updated the classification, competing series and placed in semitab format. LRM 03/01
JLG 1/2012 Updated to meet MO 5 Soil Technical Note-1 (Revision 3);
Conversion from English to metric; added the following: longitude and latitude and clay and sand percents to typical pedon, particle-size control section, sand and clay ranges in characteristics, elevation, saturated hydraulic conductivity, Land Resource Region, Major Land Resource Area, Taxonomic Version, precipitation pattern, a couple of diagnostic features, soil moisture, and additional data; divided out upper and lower AC horizons based on lab data for typical pedon.
DJK 05/2014 Revisited and redescribed the type location with new horizonation (Bss, BC, 2C). Updated RIC for new horizonation including redox, EC, gypsum, rock fragments in 2C, and reaction. Changed classification to Udic Haplusterts. Updated competing series for new classification. Changed parent material to clayey alluvium over loamy alluvium. Changed landform to paleoterrace on river valley based on visiting type location and examining maps and data of area Goessel is mapped. Edited climate data. Added saturation statement to Drainage and Ksat section. Edited diagnostic horizons and features in remarks section for new description. Added gilgai statement. Added KSSL data to additional data section.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Data from typical pedon is from Kansas State University Characterization Laboratory, Manhattan, Kansas; pedon ID 77KS113001. KSSL data available for pedons 59KS015001 and 59KS015002.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.