LOCATION GRIZZLY SD+WY

Established Series
Rev. JWW
05/2011

GRIZZLY SERIES

The Grizzly series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in residuum from igneous rocks on mountains. They have moderate high or moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Slopes range from 6 to 80 percent. The mean annual air temperature is about 6 degrees C, and the mean annual precipitation is about 635 mm.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Grizzly very gravelly silt loam, on a southwest facing, convex slope of 50 percent, under a ponderosa pine forest at an elevation of about 1719 meters. When described the soil was moist below 50 cm. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

0i--0 to 2.5 cm; forest litter and slightly decomposed forest litter. (0 to 5 cm thick)

E1--2.5 to 10 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3), dry; weak very fine and fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; 35 percent angular rhyolite fragments; few worm casts; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E2--10 to 28 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry; weak medium and thick platy structure parting to weak very fine and fine granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; 45 percent angular rhyolite fragments; few worm casts; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

E3--28 to 53 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry; weak medium and thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and coarse roots; 50 percent angular rhyolite fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizon is 35 to 60 cm.)

Bt/E--53 to 84 cm; about 60 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry (Bt part), and 40 percent brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/3) dry (E part); weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common fine roots; 60 percent angular rhyolite fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 50 cm thick)

Bt--84 to 109 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very gravelly clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) dry; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; 60 percent angular rhyolite fragments; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on vertical ped faces; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (23 to 90 cm thick)

BC--109 to 132 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) extremely gravelly clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; 70 percent angular rhyolite fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

C--132 to 152 cm; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) extremely gravelly clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) dry; common fine distinct mottles of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6); massive; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 70 percent angular rhyolite fragments; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Lawrence County, South Dakota; about 4 miles south of Deadwood and 1/2 mile west of US Highway 385; about 1320 feet west and 1485 feet north of the southeast corner of Sec. 11, T. 4 N., R. 3 E.; Deadwood South quadrangle; 44 degrees 19 minutes 6.1 seconds north latitude and 103 degrees 43 minutes 9.3 seconds west longitude; NAD 83..

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to glossic horizon: 36 to 61 cm

Particle-size control section:
Clay content: 28 to 35 percent
Sand content: 10 to 25 percent fine and coarser sand

E Horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 5 to 8 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: L, SIL, or FSL (fine earth fraction)
Rock fragments: 20 to 70 percent angular to subangular igneous rock fragments
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt/E Horizon:
Hue, Value, and chroma have the same range as for their respective parts
Texture: L, SIL, CL, or SICL (fine earth fraction)
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent angular or subangular igneous fragments, of which 30 to 70 percent are gravel and 0 to 15 percent are cobble
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: CL or SICL (fine earth fraction
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent angular or subangular igneous rocks, of which 35 to 75 percent are gravel, and 5 to 25 percent are cobble
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

BC Horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: CL or SICL (fine earth fraction)
Rock fragments: 40 to 85 percent angular or subangular igneous rocks, of which 30 to 65 percent are channers or gravel, 5 to 30 percent cobble, and 0 to 10 percent stones
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C Horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 7, 5 to 8 dry
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: L, CL, or SICL (fine-earth fraction)
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 40 to 85 percent angular or subangular igneous rocks, of which 30 to 65 percent are channers or gravel, 5 to 30 percent cobble, and 0 to 10 percent stones
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES:
Northmound and Ribhill - have less clay and more silt in the argillic horizon and have a lithic contact at 50 to 100 cm (sandstone or quartzite)
Rumblecreek - formed in material derived from glacial till and drift

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: residuum or local colluvium over residuum derived from igneous rocks
Landform: hillslopes and broad ridges on mountains
Slopes: 6 to 80 percent
Elevation: 1,340 to 1,950 meters
Mean annual temperature: 4 to 7 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation: 560 to 760 mm
Precipitation pattern: over one-half the mean annual precipitation falls as snow and rain during the period March through July

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Buska, Citadel, Hisega, Pactola, Vanocker, and Virkula soils.
Buska - formed in colluvium and residuum from metamorphic rocks (schist) high in mica; they occur on similar landscape positions
Citadel - are fine textured and formed in material from limestone; generally they occur on lower parts of the landscape
Hisega - formed in colluvium and residuum from metamorphic rocks (schist) high in mica, and have mollic epipedons; generally they occur on lower parts of the landscape
Pactola - formed in colluvium and residuum derived from schist, and typically have less clay in the particle size control section; they occur on similar landscape positions
Vanocker - formed in colluvium and residuum derived from limestone; generally they occur on lower parts of the landscape
Virkula - contain more silt and formed in alluvium and colluvium from mixed sources; generally they occur on lower parts of the landscape

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; moderately low to moderately high hydraulic conductivity; runoff is medium to very rapid.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for timber production, recreation wildlife, and grazing. Native vegetation is dominantly ponderosa pine with lesser amounts of aspen, birch, and Black Hills spruce. The understory is shrubs and grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Crystalline Area - Igneous physiographic area of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming; LRR G, MLRA 62. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lawrence County, South Dakota, 1977.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Soil moisture: Typic udic
Albic horizon - 2.5 to 53 cm (E1, E2, and E3 horizons)
Glossic horizon - 53 to 84 cm (Bt/E horizon)
Argillic horizon - 53 to 109 cm (Bt/E and Bt horizons)

The classification of the series is revised to Haplic Glossudalfs, which fits the typical pedon as defined in Soil Taxonomy.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Ed. 2010

ADDITIONAL DATA:

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.