LOCATION GRAINOLA                OK+KS

Established Series
BGB Rev. CEW:JLD
03/2016

GRAINOLA SERIES

The Grainola series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in material weathered from shale of Permian age. These soils are on summits and backslopes of low hills in the Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A). Slope ranges from 1 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 16 degrees C (60 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is 840 mm (33 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Udertic Haplustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Grainola silty clay loam-rangeland, at an elevation of 305 m (1000 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; hard, firm; noneffervescent, by HCL, 1 normal; moderately acid, 6.0, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 25 cm [4 to 10 in])

BA--13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) dry; strong fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; noneffervescent, by HCL, 1 normal; slightly acid, 6.5; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the BA horizon is 0 to 25 cm [0 to 10 in])

Btk1--23 to 43 cm (9 to 17 in); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) silty clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) dry; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; 50 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 1 percent by volume masses of calcium carbonate; very slightly effervescent, by HCL, 1 normal; slightly alkaline, pH 7.8, Hellig-Truog; clear wavy boundary.

Btk2--43 to 79 cm (17 to 31 in); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) very gravelly silty clay, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) dry; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; 50 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pressure faces on ped faces; 1 percent calcium carbonate concretions; 4 percent masses of calcium carbonate; slightly effervescent, by HCL, 1 normal; moderately alkaline, pH 8.0; clear wavy boundary.

Btk3--79 to 99 cm (31 to 99 in); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) silty clay, red (2.5YR 4/6), dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very firm, very hard; 40 percent distinct clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent pressure faces on faces of peds; 1 percent fine carbonate masses and 1 percent medium carbonate concretions; slightly effervescent, by HCl, 1 normal; moderately alkaline, pH 8.0, Hellige-Truog; 1 percent fine pockets of gypsum; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizon is 20 to 91 cm [8 to 36 in] thick)

Cr--99 to 109 cm (39 to 43 in); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and dark gray (10YR 4/1) noncemented shale bedrock, red 2.5YR 4/6) and gray (10YR 5/1), dry; calcium carbonate masses; moderately alkaline pH 8.0, Hellige-Truog: slightly effervescent, and calcareous.
TYPE LOCATION: Noble County, Oklahoma; about .5 miles west and .75 miles north of Marland; 1,500 feet south and 1,300 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 11, T. 24 N., R. 1 E.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Marland, OK
Latitude: 36 degrees, 34 minutes, 32.245 seconds N
Longitude: 97 degrees, 9 minutes, 42.491 seconds W
Datum: NAD 83

Decimal Degrees
Latitude: 36.57542
Longitude: -97.16172

UTM Easting: 664475.96 m
UTM Northing: 4049346.33 m
UTM Zone: 14N

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Parent material: noncemented soft siltstone or shale bedrock
Soil cracking: This soil has cracks within 125 cm (50 in)of the soil surface that are 5 mm (1 in) or more wide to a thickness of 30 cm (12 in) or more for some time in most years.
Depth to vertic features: pressure faces, slickensides or wedge-shaped aggregates in a layer 15 cm or more thick that has it upper boundary within 125 cm of the soil surface.
Linear extensibility of 6.0 cm or more between the soil surface and a depth of 100 cm (39 in) or a densic contact, whichever is shallower.
Coarse fragments: typically sandstone, sandstone cemented with hematite, and calcium carbonate concretions and nodules. Some areas have stones or boulders which cover 3 to 35 percent of the soil surface

A horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam, and their gravelly, counterparts
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 35 percent by volume; size- less than 76 mm (3 in) in diameter; kind-hard sandstone
Effervescence class: none to slight
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline, some pedons are noncalcareous

BA horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, clay, or silty clay and their gravelly, counterparts
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 35 percent by volume; size-less than 150 mm (6 in); kind-sandstone
Effervescence class: slight
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

Btk horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 4 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, clay, or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-0 to 10 percent; size- 1 to 15 mm; kind-masses, concretions, or nodules
Effervescence class: slight or strong
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

BC horizon (where present):
Hue: 10R to 5YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 4 or 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6 dry, 6 to 8 moist
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, or silty clay
Parafragments: amount-5 to 70 percent by volume; size-less than 76 mm (3 in) kind-noncemented shale fragments
Effervescence class: slight or strong
Reaction: moderately alkaline

Cd horizon:
Hue: 10R to 5YR, or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6 dry or moist
Excavation difficulty: high or very high, due to the interbedding of hard sandstone and limestone
Fractures: greater than 10 cm (4 in) apart
Cementation: noncemented; It is dense enough to be root restrictive.
Other features: Some pedons are streaked or spotted with shades of gray, brown, yellow, or olive colors. Thin strata of limestone or sandstone are interbedded with the shale in some pedons
Effervescence class: slight or strong
Reaction: moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Soils in similar families in MLRA 80A are the Dilworth, Piedmont, Renfrow, and Renthin, series and in MLRA 76 are the Foraker, and Steedman series.
Dilworth, Foraker, Piedmont, Renfrow and Renthin soils: have a mollic epipedon
Steedman soils: are more acid in the A and Bt1 horizons, have a thinner surface and smectitic mineralogy

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Red shale of Permian age
Landscape: Hills
Landform: very gently sloping to steep hillslopes
Slope: 1 to 25 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 787 to 1041 mm (31 to 41 in)
Mean annual air temperature: 13.9 to 17.2 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 181 to 240 days
Elevation: 244 to 500 m (800 to 1,640 ft)
Thornthwaite Annual P-E indices: 44 to 64

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Dilworth, Foraker Piedmont, Renfrow, Renthin, series and Apperson, Lucien, Masham, and Shidler series.
Apperson, Piedmont, Renfrow, and Renthin soils: have a mollic epipedon and typically occur on slightly higher broad summits
Dilworth soils: occur on similar positions, and are weathered from gray Permian age shale
Foraker soils: occur on similar positions in MLRA 76, and are weathered from gray Pennsylvanian age shale
Lucien, and Shidler soils: are less than 51 cm (20 in) thick, do not have an argillic horizon, have a mollic epipedon, and occur on summits, and shoulders.
Masham soils: are less than 51 cm (20 in) thick and typically occur in slightly lower positions

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: well drained
Permeability: slow
Runoff: very high

USE AND VEGETATION: Nearly all used for range. Native vegetation is short and midgrass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Oklahoma and Kansas; LRR H, Bluestem Hills (MLRA 76), and Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A). The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Osage County, Oklahoma; 1975 by B.G. Bourlier. The name comes from a small town in NW Osage County.

REMARKS:
Grainola soils in MLRA 80A were formerly included in the Vernon series; these soils are not associated with limestone.

Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in) (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: 23 to 99 cm (13 to 36 in) (Btk horizons)
Densic contact: noncemented shale at 99 cm (39 in)
Moisture regime: Ustic, soil moisture control section is dry in some part more than 90 days per year
Udertic: soil moisture control section is dry in some part from 90 to 150 days. Clay content: is greater than 35 percent within 38 cm (15 in) of the surface

This series and OSD was originally set in Osage County in the Flint Hills in a limestone area. Rewrote OSD and moved location to accommodate the actual setting of series.

Updated competing series, taxonomic version, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and formatting. 6/2008 JBB. OSD revised extensively for SDJR initiative (JLD 02/2016)

Soil interpretation records: OK0175-Grainola Series; OK0329-Gravelly; OK0310-Cobbly; OK0288-Stony; OK0311-Bouldery

ADDITIONAL DATA: Pedon/Site ID P1996OK103152 is current pedon for series and OSD. Oklahoma State University laboratory data 73-OK-57-18, 76-OK-52-(1-6), 72-OK-60-(1-5), and 74-OK-10-(1-5).

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.