LOCATION HACKAMORE CO
Established Series
Proposed LAN
01/2014
HACKAMORE SERIES
The Hackamore series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in clayey alluvium derived from shale. Hackamore soils are on stream terraces and in drainageways. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 305 centimeters and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Chromic Haplotorrerts
TYPICAL PEDON: Hackamore silty clay, on an east facing, linear, 1 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of 1268 meters (4165 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) When described on August 25, 2010 the soil was moist from 0 to 69 centimeters and dry from 69 to 200 centimeters.
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; 1 centimeter wide, vertical, reversible (close when rewetted) trans-horizon cracks; 3 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bkss1--18 to 38 centimeters (7 to 15 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; 1 centimeter wide, vertical, reversible (close when rewetted), trans-horizon cracks; 10 percent distinct slickensides (pedogenic) on top faces of peds; 1 percent fine, distinct, spherical carbonate masses in the matrix, 4 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary.
Bkss2--38 to 69 centimeters (15 to 25 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; 1 centimeter wide, vertical, reversible (close when rewetted), trans-horizon cracks; 15 percent distinct slickensides (pedogenic) on top faces of peds; 5 percent medium, distinct, threadlike carbonate masses in the matrix, 12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, strongly effervescent;; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bkss horizons is 38 to 76 centimeters)
Bk--69 to 112 centimeters (25 to 44 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; 15 percent coarse, distinct, spherical carbonate masses in matrix, 13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, violently effervescent;; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (30 to 53 centimeters thick)
Bky--112 to 200 centimeters (44 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3), moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; 5 percent medium distinct, spherical, carbonate masses in the matrix, 15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, violently effervescent;; 3 percent medium, distinct, spherical gypsum masses in the matrix; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Otero County, Colorado; about 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles) southwest of Swink, COlorado on Timpas Creek; about 550 feet west and 2500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 24 S., R. 56 W.; Hawley, Colorado USGS topographic quadrangle; UTM zone 13 616223 E. 4205602 N.; latitude 37 degrees 54 minutes 26.2 seconds N. and longitude 103 degrees 40 minutes 35.2 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is moist in some part March through May, intermittently moist June through September; aridic moisture regime bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C. (51 to 55 degrees F.)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches)
Depth to cambic horizon: 18 to 69 centimeters (7 to 27 inches)
Thickness of horizons with slickensides: 38 to 66 centimeters (15 to 26 inches)
Vertic features: 5 to 25 millimeter (0.2 to 1 inches) reversible trans-horizon cracks from 1 to 5 meters apart that close during the irrigation season (spring and summer). If not irrigated, cracks are open for 60 consecutive days when the soil is warmer than 8 degrees C. at a depth of 50 centimeters.
Organic matter content: irregular decrease throughout the profile
Particle-size control section (weighted averages):
Clay content: 40 to 55 percent
Sand content: 10 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Ap horizon(s):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent
EC (dS/centimeters): 2 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 2
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Bkss horizon(s):
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay, silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 14 percent
EC (dS/m): 2 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 1 to 4
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Bk horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay, silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 14 percent
EC (dS/m): 2 to 8
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 2 to 8
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
Bky horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay, silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 25 percent
Gypsum content: 1 to 4 percent
EC (dS/m): 1 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 2 to 8
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: There are the
Colona (CO),
Puerco (NM),
Stygee (UT),
Unkee (ID), and
Zwicker (CO) series.
Colona and
Puerco soils: have a typic aridic moisture regime and lack slickensides
Stygee soils: have a typic aridic moisture regime and have a mean annual soil temperature of 8 to 10 degrees C.
Unkee soils: have Bss horizons with a combined thickness greater than 66 centimeters and formed in playas.
Zwicker soils: have a paralithic contact at depths of 50 to 100 centimeters.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey alluvium from shale
Landform: stream terraces, drainageways
Slopes: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: 1,158 to 1,585 meters (3,800 to 5,200 feet)
Mean annual temperature: 10 to 12 degrees C. (50 to 54 degrees F.)
Mean annual precipitation: 254 to 356 centimeters (10 to 14 inches)
Wettest period: May through August
Driest period: December through February
Frost-free period: 130 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Rocky Ford and
Numa series.
Rocky Ford soils have a fine-silty control section.
Numa soils have a fine-loamy control section. All associated soils are on terraces.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: low or moderately low
Flooding: Flooding is very rare with brief duration and is most likely to occur April through August, but can occur in any month.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used as irrigated cropland. Principal crops are alfalfa and grass hay, corn, and onions. Native vegetation is mainly blue grama, galleta, western wheatgrass, alkali sacaton and four-wing saltbush ESD: R069XY030CO: Salt Meadow.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Arkansas River Valley, Colorado; LRR G, MLRA 69 and 67B; This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES PROPOSED: Otero County, Colorado; Otero County soil survey area, 2013. The name is coined from a town site in the area.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 200 centimeters (0 to 79 inches).
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 100 centimeters. (All or part of the Bkss1, Bkss2 and Bk horizons)
Ochric epipedon: From 0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches). (Ap horizon)
Cambic horizon: The zone from 18 to 69 centimeters (7 to 27 inches). (Bkss1, Bkss2 horizons)
Vertic features: The presence of slickensides (pedongenic)at18 to 69 centimeters (7 to 27 inches) (Bkss1, Bkss2 horizons)and
cracksat 0 to 69 centimeters (0 to 27 inches). (Ap, Bkss1, and Bkss2 horizons).
LAN 9/2013 This soil was previously identified as the Limon series. The presence of consistent cracking and slickensides changed the classification to Chromic Haplotorrerts.
Taxonomic Version: Eleventh Edition, 2010.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.