LOCATION HALEDON NJ+NY

Established Series
Rev. CFE-RAS-SMF
01/2013

HALEDON SERIES

The Haledon series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils in low positions on undulating uplands. They formed in glacial till. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high above the fragipan and very slow or slow in in the fragipan and densic materials. Mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C and mean annual precipitation is about 1258 mm.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Haledon cobbly loam at an elevation of about 140 m. (Colors are for moist soil.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) cobbly loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many roots; common fine pores; 25 percent rock fragments of stones, cobbles and gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Bt1--20 to 41 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) cobbly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky; common roots that decrease in number with depth; common fine tubular pores; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in sand and pebble niches; 20 percent rock fragments, dominantly cobbles and coarse gravel and some stones; common coarse and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation, common fine and medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions, and few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 46 cm thick)

Bt2--41 to 76 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) cobbly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and common bridging with semi-waxy clay films; 20 percent rock fragments, dominantly cobbles and gravel; common coarse distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron depletions, common fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron accumulation, few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation, and few to common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) masses of iron accumulation and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions that increase in number with depth; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 41 cm thick)

Bx1--76 to 97 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam streaked and splotched with yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); weak very thick platy structure; very firm; brittle; few fine roots between peds or in structures; very few fine vesicular pores; very few distinct waxy and semi-waxy clay and silt coats on plate surfaces; common faint silt and clay bridging between sand grains; few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese stains on ped surfaces; 20 percent rock fragments, dominantly gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 51 cm thick)

Bx2--97 to 114 cm; variegated brown (7.5YR 4/4), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam; moderate very thick platy structure; very firm; brittle; very few fine vesicular pores; very few distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese stains on ped surfaces; 20 percent rock fragments, dominantly gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 51 cm thick)

Cd--114 to 183 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam; massive; very firm; few fine vesicular pores; 30 percent rock fragments, dominantly gravel; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Passaic County, New Jersey; Township of Wayne, 10 feet west of unimproved dirt road, 1,000 feet north of junction of dirt road with Patterson-Hamburg turnpike. Junction of dirt road with turnpike is 1,600 feet east of entrance to north Jersey Country Club; USGS Paterson quadrangle, longitude 40 degrees 57 minutes 20 seconds N., latitude 74 degrees 12 minutes 45 seconds W, NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 102 to 152 cm. Depth to the fragipan is 61 to 90 cm. Depth to bedrock is greater than 2 m. Rock fragments of mostly gravel, cobbles, and stones of basalt, shale, sandstone and gneiss range from 5 to 25 percent in the solum and from 15 to 35 percent in the substratum. Mineralogy is dominated by quartz, feldspar, amphibole and mica. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the solum, from strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part of the solum and upper part of the C horizon, and from moderately acid to neutral in the lower part of the C horizon.

The O horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2, and chroma of 1 or 2. The in lieu texture is commonly highly decomposed plant material but the range includes slightly to highly decomposed plant material.

The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. Value is 6 or more when dry. Some pedons have an A horizon up to 13 cm thick. It has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loam or silt loam in the fine-earth fraction.

Some pedons have a BA horizon. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture has the same range as the A horizon.

The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR and value of 4 to 8. Chroma ranges from 3 to 6 in the upper part of the B and from 1 to 6 in the lower part. Redoximorphic features are few to common in the upper part and range to many in the lower part. Low chroma redoximorphic features are within the top 25 cm of the Bt horizon. Texture is loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

The Bx or Btx horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6, or it is mottled or variegated with these and other colors. Black stains are in most pedons. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate, thick or very thick platy or the horizons are massive. Consistence is firm or very firm.

The Cd horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. High and low chroma redoximorphic features and black stains are in most pedons. Texture ranges from loam to sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

Related soils in other families are the Boonton, Califon, Hibernia, Rockaway, Wethersfield and Wurtsboro soils. Boonton and Rockaway soils do not have low chroma redoximorphic features in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Califon and Hibernia soils have less then 35 percent base saturation. Wethersfield and Wurtsboro soils do not have argillic horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Haledon soils are at the base of steeper sloping uplands and in shallow drainageways. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The soils developed in coarse textured glacial till composed primarily of basalt, red sandstone and shale, and granitic gneiss with lesser amounts of quartzite and gray sandstone and shale. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 102 to 122 cm. The mean annual temperature commonly ranges from 7 to 10 degrees C but the range includes up to 13 degrees C in or near urban areas. The frost-free days range from 140 to 160 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boonton, Rockaway and the Holyoke soils. Boonton and Rockaway soils usually are in higher positions in the landscape. Holyoke soils are in a higher position in the landscape and are shallow to bedrock.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is medium to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high above the fragipan and very slow or slow in in the fragipan and densic materials. A perched high water table is within 30 cm of the surface in the late winter and early spring of most years, and following periods of extended rainfall. Lateral seepage is common, particularly at slope breaks.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are wooded or in idle fields. Much of this soil is used for housing or urban development. Vegetation is largely forest dominated by oak and maple with some birch and ash.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern New Jersey and New York City metropolitan area; MLRA 144A. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Morris County, New Jersey, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon include:

1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 20 cm (Ap horizon).
2. Argillic horizon - the zone from 20 to 76 cm (Bt horizon).
3. Fragipan - the very firm, brittle zone from 76 to 114 cm (Bx horizon).
4. Aquic feature - low chroma redoximorphic features are in the upper 25 cm of the argillic horizon ( Bt2 horizon).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.