LOCATION HARDWICK WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, isotic, mesic Oxyaquic Vertic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hardwick very gravelly sandy loam - forestland, on a 20 percent slope with a northerly aspect at an elevation of 1,420 feet in a western hemlock/salal-western swordfern plant association. (When described on November 7, 1993, the soil was moist throughout. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs; abrupt smooth boundary. (0.5 to 1.5 inches thick)
E--1 to 7 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) very gravelly sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and common fine, medium, and coarse roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
E/Bt1--7 to 12 inches; 75 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry (E) and 25 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) (Bt) loam; weak fine, medium, and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium and few coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries in the matrix; 5 percent gravel, moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary.
E/Bt2--12 to 19 inches; 65 percent olive (5Y 5/3) pale yellow (5Y 7/3) dry (E) and 35 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) (Bt) silty clay loam; weak fine, medium, and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium and few coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the E/Bt horizon is 8 to 14 inches.)
Bt/E1--19 to 26 inches; 55 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) (Bt) and 45 percent olive (5Y 5/3) pale yellow (5Y 7/3) silty clay; moderate fine, medium, and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bt/E2--26 to 36 inches; 80 percent olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) (Bt) and 20 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) dry (E) silty clay; moderate fine, medium, and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt/E horizon is 8 to 20 inches.)
2Bt--36 to 61 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) gravelly silty clay, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine, medium, and coarse roots along fragments of former prisms; few very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) dry clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 20 percent gravels; slightly acid (pH 6.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Clallam County, Washington, about 3.5 miles northeast of the Gold Creek Shelter, about 2,200 feet east and 1,715 feet south of the northwest corner of Section 27, T. 29 N., R. 3 W. (Latitude 47 degrees, 58 minutes, 51 seconds N., Longitude 123 degrees, 02 minutes, 54 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature is 47 to 51 degrees F. These soils are usually moist, and are dry 30 to 45 consecutive days in the soil moisture control section. The particle-size control section average 0 to 25 percent coarse fragments by volume and 35 to 45 percent clay. Bulk density is 1.40 to 1.80 grams per cubic centimeter. A perched water table is present above the 2Bt horizon for 120 to 180 cumulative days. Depth to the 2Bt horizon is 24 to 40 inches. Depth to the glossic horizon and redox features is 4 to 10 inches. The soil to a depth of 40 inches is estimated to have a linear extensibility of 2 to 3 inches. The glossic horizon is 20 to 30 inches thick.
The E horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR moist and dry, value of 3 or 4 moist and 6 or 7 dry, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and 2 or 3 dry.
The E/Bt horizon for the E portion has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y moist and dry, value of 7 or 8 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3 moist and dry. The Bt portion has value of 4 or 5 moist and chroma of 2 or 3 moist. It is loam, silty clay loam, or gravelly clay loam. Reaction is moderately or slightly acid. It has 25 to 40 percent clay content. Albic materials comprise 50 to 85 percent of the horizon.
The Bt/E horizon for the Bt portion has value of 4 or 5 moist and 6 or 7 dry. The E portion has hue of 5Y or 2.5Y, value of 7 or 8 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3 moist and dry. It is silty clay, gravelly silty clay, or clay. Texture of Bt and E material are the same. Reaction is moderately or slightly acid. It has 40 to 50 percent clay content. Albic material comprise 20 to 50 percent of the horizon.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y moist and dry, value of 4 or 5 moist and 6 or 7 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3 dry. It is gravelly silty clay, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral. It has 40 to 50 percent clay content.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hardwick soils are on low relief, dissected uplands and have slopes of 5 to 60 percent. The soils formed in residuum and colluvium from proglacial lake deposits. Elevations are 700 to 1,900 feet. Average annual precipitation is 30 to 40 inches. Average annual temperature is 45 to 49 degrees F. The frost-free season is 170 to 190 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Grennan and Jimmycomelately soils. Grennan and Jimmycomelately soils are on low relief, dissected uplands and are loamy-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; slow permeability. The soils have a perched zone of saturation between 1.0 and 3.0 feet from November through April; 120 to 180 cumulative days.
USE AND VEGETATION: Timber production, wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, salal, western swordfern, red huckleberry, Oregon-grape, and northern twinflower.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Clallam County, Washington; MLRA 1. Series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clallam County, Washington, 2000; Olympic National Forest.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are the following:
Ochric epipedon
Albic horizon - 1 to 7 inches (E horizon)
Glossic horizon - 7 to 36 inches (E/Bt1, E/Bt2, Bt/E1, and Bt/E2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - 12 to 61 inches (E/Bt2, Bt/E1, Bt/E2, and 2Bt horizons)
Oxyaquic feature - perched water table is at its highest depth between November through April and is present for 120 to 180 cumulative days.
PSCS - zone from 12 to 32 inches (E/Bt2, Bt/E1, and Bt/E2 horizons)
The soils formed in relic proglacial lake deposits in a wetter environment. The presence of the albic materials and the redox features in the upper most horizons were not formed from present day pedogenesis.
Depth to diagnostic horizons and other features are measured from the top of the first mineral horizon. Based on color combinations in the glossic horizon some pedons will clasify as aquertic subgroup and are considered taxadjuncts.