LOCATION HATHAWAY                AZ+NM

Established Series
Rev. JEJ/HHS/CLG/CEM
11/2014

HATHAWAY SERIES

The Hathaway series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in fan alluvium from mixed sources. Hathaway soils are on fan remnants and have dominant slopes of 10 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 18 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 61 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, thermic Aridic Calciustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hathaway gravelly loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure (immediate surface is single grained); soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 16 inches thick)

Bk1--8 to 24 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; few fine irregular calcium carbonate masses; violently effervescent; more than 15 percent calcium carbonate; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)

Bk2--24 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) stratified very gravelly loamy sand and sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), brown (7.5YR 5/2), and reddish brown (5YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common medium irregular calcium carbonate masses; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; violently effervescent; more than 15 percent calcium carbonate; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Santa Cruz County, Arizona; about 6 miles east and 2 1/2 miles north of Sonoita; about 300 feet west of the southeast corner of section 1, T. 20 S., R. 17 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil Moisture - Intermittently moist in some part of the soil moisture control section during July-September and December-February. Driest during May and June. Aridic ustic soil moisture regime.

Soil Temperature - averages 59 to 67 degrees F.

Rock Fragments - averages 35 to 50 percent in the particle-size control section; but can have as much as 85 percent in any one subhorizon

Organic Matter Content - averages 1 to 3 percent in the upper 7 inches

Depth to the calcic horizon - 5 to 20 inches

Reaction - slightly or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent averages 15 to 40 percent; can be as much as 55 percent in any one subhorizon

A horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 2 to 5 dry, 1 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3, dry or moist

Bk horizons
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR
Value: 3 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4, dry or moist
Texture: loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Tascosa (TX) series. Tascosa soils are moist in the soil moisture control section during May and June and are typical of the Blackwater Draw Ogallala Formation in the Canadian Breaks and Southern High Plains.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hathaway soils are at elevations of 2,500 to 6,830 feet, on nearly level to steep slopes of fan remnants. Slopes are dominantly 10 to 40 percent, and range from 2 to 70 percent. The soils formed in fan alluvium from mixed sources of limestone, rhyolite, granite, dacite, andesite, tuff, quartzite, sandstone, and shale. Hathaway soils occur in warm, semiarid, continental climate. The mean annual air temperature is 57 to 66 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation is 14 to 20 inches. About 55 percent of the precipitation occurs during July, August, and September; 35 percent in December and January. The frost-free period is 160 to 240 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blacktail, Carbine, Cazador, Cherrycow, and Terrarossa. Blacktail, Cherrycow, and Terrarossa soils have argillic horizons. Carbine is shallow to a petrocalcic horizon. Cazador are in lower portions and do not have a calcic horizon or rock fragments.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderate to moderately rapid permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for livestock grazing. Small areas are used for homesites. Vegetation is mostly grass with some scattered brush. The grasses are black, sideoats, and hairy gramas; curly mesquite, bush muhly, threeawn, fluffgrass, and slim tridens. The brush in dominantly mesquite and wait-a-bit, with widely spaced creosote, whitethorn, beargrass, yucca, cacti, and ocotillo.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Arizona, central Arizona, and southern New Mexico. Hathaway soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 41 and 42.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Santa Cruz County Area, Arizona; 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 8 inches (A horizon)

Calcic horizon - the zone from 8 to 60 inches (Bk1, Bk2 horizons)

Classified according to Soil Taxonomy Second Edition, 1999; Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

Revised for the correlation of White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico; October, 2014, NMS

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.