LOCATION HAVANA MN+IA
Established Series
Rev. JFC-HRF-ELB
02/2011
HAVANA SERIES
The Havana series consists of deep poorly drained soils that formed in a mantle of loess or loamy sediments and loamy calcareous glacial till on ground moraines. These soils have moderately slow permeability. Their slopes are less than 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches and mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Havana silt loam with a plane slope of less than 1 percent on a ground moraine, cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; cloddy; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
E--9 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) mottles; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common tubular pores; few worm costs; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
Btg1--12 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; many fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; medium acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
2Btg2--19 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent coarse fragments; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Btg3--29 to 42 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; thin coatings of clean sand and silt particles on faces of prisms; few distinct clay films in pores; about 4 percent coarse fragments; medium acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Btg4--42 to 50 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few prominent clay-organic fillings in root channels and few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent coarse fragments; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Btg horizons is 13 to 42 inches.)
2C--50 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; massive; friable; few distinct clay-organic fillings in root channels; about 4 percent coarse fragments; few dark colored concretions; slight effervescence; mildly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Steele County, Minnesota; about 8 miles east and 2 miles north of Owatonna; 2,000 feet north and 350 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 35, T. 108 N., R. 19 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum and depth to free carbonates is 36 to 66 inches. Havana soils formed in loess or loamy erosional sediments that are 14 to 24 inches thick and in the underlying glacial till. The upper sediments lack or have less than 2 percent coarse fragments and the glacial till has 2 to 8 percent of coarse fragments of mixed lithology. A coarser textured layer or stone line as much as 5 inches in thickness is between the two sediments in some pedons.
The A or Ap horizon has 10YR hue, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A horizon typically is silt loam with 50 to 70 percent silt but ranges to loam with as little as 45 percent slopes. It is medium acid or slightly acid.
The E horizon has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically has few through many mottles. It is medium acid or slightly acid. Textures are like that for the A horizon.
The Bt horizons in both sediments have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2. They have few through many mottles. The Bt horizon in the upper sediment is silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam high in silt. The 2Bt horizon typically is clay loam or loam but a coarser textured subhorizon is in some pedons. The Bt horizon in the upper sediment is medium or slightly acid, and the 2Bt horizon is strongly acid through neutral.
The 2C horizon has 2.5Y hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma dominantly of 4 through 6 with some 2. It commonly has secondary limy masses in the upper part. It is mildly or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Ilion,
Mermill,
Olmsted,
Orio, and
Varick soils in the same family. Ilion soils have thinner sola formed in calcareous gray shale. Mermill soils have formed in stratified lacustrine sediments and have fine textured 2C horizons beginning at depths of less than 40 inches. Olmsted soils have less silt in the upper sola and 10 to 30 percent shale and sandstone gravels throughout their sola. Orio soils have more sand and less silt in the upper solum. Varick soils have shale bedrock within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Havana soils have slightly concave to slightly convex slopes with gradient of 0 to 2 percent. Slope lengths range from 100 to 200 feet. They formed in a thin mantle of loess or loamy erosional sediments and friable glacial till. These deposits are Late Wisconsinan in age. Mean annual temperature is 45 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is 27 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Blooming,
Newry, and
Maxcreek soils which are members of a hydrosequence with Havana soils. The well drained Blooming soils are on nearby higher lying or more sloping terrain. The moderately well drained Newry soils are on adjacent low knolls. The poorly and very poorly drained Maxcreek soils are on adjacent swales and lower lying terrain.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow; permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Largely under cultivation and corn and soybeans are the principal crops. Native vegetation was deciduous forest (mostly hazel and oaks) and prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Minnesota; inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Steele County, Minnesota, 1976.
REMARKS: Classification only was changed 5/94. Competing series and other updates will be made later. 2/14/2011-TYPE LOCATION error corrected.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.