LOCATION HAVASULAKE              CA

Established Series
Rev: JIB/LJL/CAH/ET
12/2015

HAVASULAKE SERIES

The Havasulake series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium derived from granitoid sources. Havasulake soils are on smooth fan remnants. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 75 millimeters (about 3 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 24 degrees C (about 75 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, hyperthermic Typic Calciargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Havasulake gravelly sandy loam, on an east facing, 4 percent slope at an elevation of 256 meters (about 840 feet). When described on 02/02/2009 the soil was dry throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered by approximately 15 percent fine gravel and 65 percent medium and coarse gravel and 2 percent cobbles.

A--0 to 5 centimeters (0 to 2 inches); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong very thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; very few fine roots; many very fine and few fine vesicular pores; 10 percent fine gravel and 10 percent medium and coarse gravel; violently effervescent (15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the fine earth fraction); moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 5 centimeters thick)

Btkq1--5 to 19 centimeters (2 to 8 inches); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 10 percent faint, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films bridging sand grains and 10 percent distinct, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), clay films on rock fragments; 10 percent distinct, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), silica coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 3 percent medium, prominent, white (10YR 8/1), irregular, noncemented calcium carbonate masses in the matrix, with clear boundaries; 70 percent prominent, white (10YR 8/1), calcium carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 12 percent fine gravel, 8 percent medium and coarse gravel, and 2 percent paracobbles; violently effervescent (15 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the fine earth fraction); slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 28 centimeters thick)

Btkq2--19 to 37 centimeters (8 to 15 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine through coarse roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 10 percent faint, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films bridging sand grains and 2 percent distinct, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), clay films on rock fragments; 10 percent distinct, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), silica coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 10 percent coarse and very coarse, prominent, white (10YR 8/1), irregular, noncemented, calcium carbonate masses in the matrix with clear boundaries; 70 percent, prominent, white (10YR 8/1), calcium carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 10 percent fine gravel, 30 percent medium and coarse gravel and 5 percent paracobbles; violently effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the fine earth fraction); slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.

Btkq3--37 to 88 centimeters (15 to 35 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; moderately hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine through coarse roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; 10 percent faint, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films bridging sand grains and 2 percent distinct, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), clay films on rock fragments; 10 percent distinct, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), silica coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 5 percent medium and coarse, prominent, white (10YR 8/1), irregular, noncemented calcium carbonate masses in the matrix, with clear boundaries; 15 percent prominent, white (10YR 8/1), calcium carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 15 percent fine gravel, 20 percent medium and coarse gravel and 3 percent paracobbles; violently effervescent (13 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the fine earth fraction); slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the Btkq2 and Btkq3 horizons is 25 to 75 centimeters.)

Btkq4--88 to 150 centimeters (35 to 59 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light gray (10YR 7/2) stratified extremely gravelly sand and very gravelly loamy sand (averages very gravelly sand), brown (10YR 4/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; moderately hard and hard, very friable and friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine through medium roots; many very fine and few fine interstitial pores; 10 percent faint, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films bridging sand grains and 2 percent distinct, yellowish red (5YR 5/6), clay films on rock fragments; 10 percent distinct, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), silica coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 8 percent coarse, prominent, light gray (10YR 7/2), platy, noncemented calcium carbonate masses in the matrix, with clear boundaries; 15 percent, prominent, white (10YR 8/1), calcium carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; averages 45 percent total gravel with 20 percent fine gravel and 25 percent medium and coarse gravel, 2 percent paracobbles, 2 percent cobbles, and 3 percent stones; violently effervescent (7 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the fine earth fraction); slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).

TYPE LOCATION: San Bernardino County, California; about 4 kilometers north and 5 kilometers west of Havasu Lake, California at the east end of Chemehuevi Valley; approximately 20 meters north and 100 meters east of the southwest corner of section 15, T. 5 N., R. 24 E.; USGS Castle Rock, CA-AZ 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; 34 degrees, 31 minutes, 18.3 seconds north latitude and 114 degrees, 27 minutes, 35.7 seconds west longitude; UTM 11S 733153e 3822938n (DATUM: NAD83).

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture control section: usually dry throughout, rarely moist in some part during summer or winter. The soils have a typic-aridic soil moisture regime.

Soil temperature: 25 to 28 degrees C (about 77 to 82 degrees F).

Depth to argillic horizon: 3 to 25 centimeters.
Depth to base of argillic horizon: 30 to 90 centimeters.
Depth to calcic horizon: 3 to 25 centimeters.

Control section -
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly gravel with 0 to 5 percent cobbles.
Clay content: averages 12 to 18 percent.


A horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 4 or 6 moist.
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalence of the fine earth: 10 to 20 percent.

Btkq1 horizon (when present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 or 5 moist.
Texture of the fine earth fraction: sandy loam or loam.
Clay content: 8 to 15 percent.
Structure: weak or moderate, and medium or coarse.
Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent, mainly gravel with 0 to 3 percent cobbles.

Calcium carbonate equivalence of the fine earth: 10 to 20 percent.

Btkq2 and Btkq3 horizon(s)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry.
Chroma: 3 through 6 dry, 4 or 6 moist.
Texture of the fine earth fraction: sandy loam or loam.
Clay content: ranges from 12 to 25 percent.
Structure: fine, medium or coarse.
Consistence: slightly hard through hard, slightly sticky or moderately sticky, and slightly plastic or moderately plastic.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, mainly gravel with 0 to 10 percent cobbles and stones.
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalence of the fine earth: 10 to 20 percent.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 5 to 20 percent visible as masses or as coats on the bottom surfaces of rock fragments.

Btkq4 horizon(s)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry.
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Texture of the fine earth fraction: sand, coarse sand, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand.
Clay content: 0 to 8 percent.
Consistence: slightly hard through hard.
Rock fragments: averages 50 to 75 percent, mainly gravel with 0 to 10 percent cobbles and stones.
Effervescence: strongly or violently effervescent. Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalence of the fine earth: 5 to 15 percent.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 5 to 20 percent visible as masses or on bottom surfaces of rock fragments.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chuckawalla, Cololag, Cristobal and Pinamt series. Chuckawalla soils average 20 to 35 percent clay and have electrical conductivity of 16 to 40 in the control section. Cololag soils are 25 to 43 centimeters (10 to 17 inches) to the top of the argillic horizon, have B' horizons, and do not have a sandy substratum. Cristobal soils average greater than 18 percent clay in the control section, are greater than 100 centimeters (40 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon, and do not have a sandy substratum. Pinamt soils average greater than 18 percent clay in the control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Havasulake soils are on smooth fan remnants. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. These soils formed in mixed alluvium derived from granitoid sources. Elevations are 140 to 425 meters (about 460 to 1400 feet). The climate is arid with hot, dry summers and warm, dry winters. The mean annual precipitation is 50 to 100 millimeters (about 2 to 4 inches); mean annual air temperature is 23 to 26 degrees C (about 73 to 79 degrees F), and the frost-free season is 360 to 365 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Catfishbay (CA), Emptygun CA) and Rizzo (T CA) soils. Catfishbay soils have a coarse-loamy control section and occur on fan remnants. Emptygun soils have a sandy-skeletal control section, do not have an argillic horizon, and occur on steeper sloping fan remnants. Rizzo soils have a sandy-skeletal control section and occur on fan aprons, inset fans and drainageways.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; low runoff; saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the subsoil and very high in the underlying material.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly creosote bush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lower Colorado Desert of southeastern California, U.S.A.; MLRA 31. These soils are not extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: PHOENIX, ARIZONA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: San Bernardino County, California, Chemehuevi Indian Reservation Area, part of the Colorado Desert Soil Survey Area, 2010. The name is coined from Havasu Lake, California.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:

Ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches) (A and part of the Btkq1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - from a depth of 19 to 88 centimeters (8 to 35 inches) (Btkq2 and Btkq3 horizons).
Calcic horizon - from a depth of 19 to 150 centimeters (8 to 60 inches) (Btkq2, Btkq3 and Btkq4 horizons).
Particle-size control section - from a depth of 19 to 69 centimeters (8 to 27 inches) (Btkq2 and part of the Btkq3 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: NASIS User Pedon ID: 6799-98-1JB.

Responsibility for this series was transferred from Davis to Phoenix 12/2015. The last revision to the series was 6/2012. ET

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.