LOCATION HAVRELON ND+MT SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Ustifluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Havrelon silt loam - on a level floodplain with less than 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. Where described, the soil was moist throughout.)
Ap--0 to 13 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common roots; common fine pores; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 8 to 15 inches thick)
C1--13 to 18 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; contains a thin stratification; friable; common fine and few large roots; common fine pores; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
C2--18 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; few roots; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C3--26 to 40 inches; thinly stratified light gray (2.5Y 7/2) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; massive; very friable; thin strata of fine sandy loam and silty clay loam; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C4--40 to 46 inches; thinly stratified olive gray (5Y 5/2) silt loam and silty clay loam, olive gray (5Y 4/2) moist; common medium distinct reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C5--46 to 60 inches; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) very fine sandy loam, olive (5Y 4/3) moist; massive; very friable; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Burleigh County, North Dakota; about 5 miles northwest of Bismarck along River Road; 2,565 feet south and 75 feet east of the northwest corner, sec. 2, T. 139 N., R. 81 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The 10- to 40-inch-control section typically is stratified with loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam materials averaging between 18 and 30 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine and coarser sand. Thin strata of sandy loam, very fine sandy loam clay, or silty clay are common; and thin strata of sand and fine gravel are in some pedons. Some strata have faint to distinct redoximorphic features. Organic matter varies widely and decreases irregularly with depth. Some pedons have thin Ab horizons. The soil is slightly alkaline throughout. Saline and flooded phases are recognized.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. Surface horizons having values as dark as 5 dry and 3 moist do not exceed 4 inches in thickness. The A horizon commonly is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or very fine sandy loam and less commonly fine sandy loam or silty clay.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 3 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is stratified very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam. It is silty clay or clay in the lower part of some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Shupert series. Shupert soils are in areas with less than 100 days growing season at elevations above 6,000 feet and average 30 to 35 percent clay.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Havrelon soils are on level floodplains of the Missouri River and its tributaries and on gently sloping alluvial fans. Slope gradients are 0 to 6 percent. Microrelief is in areas where floodwaters have filled and cut at different rates. The soils formed in loamy alluvium. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F and mean annual precipitation from 13 to 16 inches. Most of the precipitation comes in the spring and summer.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Banks, Korchea, Lallie, Lohler, Straw and Trembles soils. Banks soils are on levees adjacent to the streams and on floodwater deposits. They are sandy. Korchea soils are on low terraces adjacent to the Havrelon soils. They have dark-colored surface horizons 7 to 10 inches thick. Lallie soils are in low oxbows and abandoned channels. They are very poorly drained. Lohler soils are on slightly lower positions and typically at a greater distance away from the main stream channel than the Havrelon soils. They are fine. Trembles soils typically are at a greater distance away from the main stream channel than the Havrelon soils and typically are on slightly higher positions. They are coarse-loamy. Straw soils are on low terraces. They have mollic epipedons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well and moderately well drained. Runoff is slow or medium. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing small grains, hay, corn and pasture. Some areas are irrigated and cropped to sugar beets, potatoes, corn and alfalfa. Native grasses include big bluestem, green needlegrass and western wheatgrass. Trees, including green ash, cottonwood, boxelder and chokecherry, are along the stream channels.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and western North Dakota and north-central South Dakota and Montana. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burleigh County, North Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 13 inches (Ap horizon); irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth - stratification of color and texture in the C horizon.