LOCATION HAWAIKUH NM+AZ

Established Series
Rev. SSP/LWH/LJGII
10/2011

HAWAIKUH SERIES

The Hawaikuh series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately slow and slowly permeable soils that formed in alluvium, fan alluvium, and stream alluvium derived from sandstone and shale. Hawaikuh soils are on fan terraces on valley sides and stream terraces on valley floors. Slopes range from 1 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 12 inches, and mean annual air temperature is about 52 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Ustic Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Hawaikuh silt loam--rangeland (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 3 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silt loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few medium and many fine and very fine roots; common fine irregular pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
Btk1--3 to 12 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; common fine irregular pores; many prominent clay films on faces of peds; strongly effervescent; calcium carbonate occurs as few fine irregular soft masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.
Btk2--12 to 29 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds; strongly effervescent; calcium carbonate occurs as common fine irregular soft filaments and masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the Btk horizons is 26 to 35 inches.)
Bk1--29 to 39 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; calcium carbonate occurs as common fine irregular soft filaments and masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--39 to 54 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) sandy loam, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; calcium carbonate occurs as common fine irregular soft filaments and masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary.
Bk3--54 to 65 inches; light red (2.5YR 6/6) silty clay loam, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine irregular pores; violently effervescent; calcium carbonate occurs as common fine irregular soft filaments and masses; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). (The combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 30 to 40 inches.)

TYPE LOCATION: McKinley County, New Mexico; Zuni Indian Reservation, Tekapo Quadrangle; about 1.8 miles east of Tekapo Reservoir; 108 degrees 53 minutes 44 seconds west longitude, 35 degrees 1 minutes 45 seconds north latitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: The SMCS is intermittently moist in some part from November through April. The period of maximum precipitation is July through October. The soil is driest during May and June. Ustic aridic soil moisture regime.
Soil Temperature: 51 to 56 degrees F.
Particle-size control section: 35 to 50 percent clay and greater than 20 percent sand
Depth to base of the argillic horizon: less than 40 inches
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent sandstone gravel
Percent calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 14 percent

A horizon
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR
Value: 3 to 6, dry or moist
Chroma: 4 to 6, dry or moist
Texture: silt loam, clay loam

Btk horizons
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR
Value: 3 to 6, dry or moist
Chroma: 3 to 4, dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, clay
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 4 dS/m

Bk horizons
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR
Value: 3 to 6 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 3 or 6 moist, 4 or 6 dry
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, sandy clay, silty clay
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 4 mmhos

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chafin (NM), Lonti (AZ), Mags (CO), Padilla (AZ), Servilleta (NM), Silver (NM) and Tobish (UT) series. Chaffin, Mags and Silver soils have hues yellower than 7.5YR. Lonti soils have 5 to 35 percent rock fragments and do not have secondary calcium carbonate in the argillic horizon. Padilla soils have an argillic horizon that extends beyond 40 inches, and are not stratified in the Bk horizon. Servilleta soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact. Tobish soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Hawaikuh soils formed in alluvium, fan alluvium, and stream alluvium derived from sandstone and shale and are on fan teraces on valley sides and stream terraces on valley floors. Slopes are 1 to 6 percent. Elevations range from 5,800 to 6,900 feet. The mean annual air temperature is 49 to 54 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is 10 to 14 inches. The frost free period is 120 to 165 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the shallow Tekapo soils on escarpments; the medium textured. Aquima and Redpen soils on fan terraces; the medium textured and very-fine textured Ojocal and Venadito soils on flood plains and alluvial fans.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, medium runoff, and moderately slow and slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: This series is used for livestock grazing. The present vegetation is blue grama, western wheatgrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, needleandthread, galleta, sand dropseed, Indian ricegrass, fourwing saltbush, winterfat, spineless horsebrush, and rubber rabbitbrush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West central New Mexico and northern Arizona. MLRA 35, LRR-D. This series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona

SERIES ESTABLISHED: McKinley County Area, New Mexico; McKinley County and Parts of Cibola and San Juan Counties, 2001.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in his pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 3 inches (A horizon)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 3 to 29 inches (Btk1 and Btk2 horizons)
Soils classified according to Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition, 1999; Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 11th Edition, 2010
Update and revisions for the correlation of Navajo Mountain Area, AZ711 and Fort Defiance Area, AZ715, 5/27/2008, CEM
Update and revisions for the correlation of Chinle Area (AZ713), August 2011, LJG2
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.