LOCATION HAWK CA
Tentative Series
Rev. CLZ/KJO/MRS/KDA/KP
12/2022
HAWK SERIES
The Hawk series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from granite. Hawk soils are on alluvial fans. Slope is 9 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 381 mm (15 in) and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hawk very gravelly sandy loam, on an alluvial fan with northeast aspect slope of 9 percent under annual and perennial grasses, white oak, scrub oak, buckwheat and bull thistle, at an elevation of 1219 meters (4,000 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described on October 21, 1992, the soil was dry from the surface to a depth of 76 cm (30 inches) and moist below.)
Oi--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in); gravelly slightly decomposed plant material consisting of litter of twigs, branches, and dead grasses; 30 percent very strongly coherent granite gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 10 cm [0 to 4 in] thick)
A1--5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 in); brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; few very fine tubular and many fine and very fine interstitial pores; 30 percent very strongly coherent granite gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 15 cm [3 to 6 in] thick)
A2--18 to 48 cm (7 to 19 in); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; few fine tubular and common fine and very fine interstitial pores; 50 percent very strongly coherent granite gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary. (25 to 51 cm [10 to 20 in] thick)
A3--48 to 104 cm (19 to 41 in); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular and common very fine interstitial pores; 35 percent very strongly coherent granite; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (76 to 114 cm [30 to 45 in] thick)
C--104 to 152 cm (41 to 60 in); light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) gravelly sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular and common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 30 percent very strongly coherent granite gravel and 5 percent very strongly coherent granite cobbles; neutral (pH 7.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Kern County, California, Southwest Part; in map unit 860, Hawk gravelly sandy loam, 9 to 15 percent slopes; about 72 kilometers (45 miles) south of downtown Bakersfield; 274 meters (900 feet) south and 305 meters (1,000 feet) east of the northwest corner of section 28, T. 9 N., R. 19 W., San Bernardino Base and Meridian; latitude 34 degrees, 50 minutes, 41 seconds north and longitude 118 degrees, 54 minutes, 12 seconds west; USGS Hawk Mountain, California, Quadrangle, NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature: Average annual is 15 to 17 degrees C (59 to 62 degrees F) and the soil temperature exceeds 8 degrees C (41 degrees F) for more than 320 days. The soils have a mesic soil temperature regime.
Soil moisture: The soils have a xeric soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry throughout from late June to early November (140 to 160 days).
Diagnostic feature(s):
Mollic epipedon thickness: 50 to 100 cm
Particle size control section weighted average:
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, with 35 to 60 percent gravel and 0 to 10 percent cobbles.
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Reaction: neutral
Surface fragments: 10 to 55 percent granite gravel.
A horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 dry, 3 moist
Chroma: 3, dry or moist
Texture of the fine earth fraction: sandy loam
Content of clay: 8 to 18 percent
Content of organic matter: 1 to 4 percent
Content of rock fragments: 10 to 60 percent gravel
C horizons:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6, dry or moist
Texture of the fine earth fraction: sandy loam
Content of clay: 8 to 18 percent
Content of organic matter: 0.1 to 0.5 percent
Content of rock fragments: 10 to 60 percent gravel and 0 to 10 percent cobbles
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Demox,
Drit,
Gamboa,
Goldmountain,
Hannarocks,
Langrell,
Murken,
Packard,
Plumas,
Raster,
Watterson, and
Wrentham soils. Demox soils formed in colluvium derived from basalt and tuff and have 5 to 30 percent stones and cobbles in the A horizon. Drit soils have a Bw horizon and are on mountain slopes with 15 to 75 percent slopes and have a mean annual temperature of about 8 degrees C. Gamboa soils are on uplands with 50 to 100 percent slopes and have a lithic contact between 100 and 150 cm. Goldmountain, , Murken (MLRA 22), and Wrentham soils have a lithic contact between 50 and 100 cm. Hannarocks soils have a paralithic contact between 50 and 100 cm. Langrell (MLRA 9 and 10) soils formed in glaciofluvial material and have a Bw horizon. Packard soils average 25 to 35 percent clay in the control section, and have Bw horizons and hues of 7.5YR or 5YR in the C horizons. Plumas soils formed predominantly from metasediments and have mean annual precipitation of about 890 mm. Raster (MLRA 29) soils are on fan aprons with elevations from 1,555 to 2,135 meters (5,100 to 7,005 feet) and mean annual temperature of about 10 degrees C; most of the rainfall occurs as high-intensity, convective thunderstorms during the growing season. Watterson soils formed from volcanic ash and have a hue of 10YR or 5YR in the A horizon, and mean annual temperature of about 7 degrees C.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hawk soils are on alluvial fans at elevations of 972 to 1,397 meters (3,185 to 4,580 feet). Slope is 9 to 15 percent. The soils formed in alluvium derived from granite. The climate is subhumid mesothermal with warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 330 to 432 mm (13 to 17 inches). The mean annual temperature is about 14 to 16 degrees C (57 to 60 degrees F); the average January temperature is 6 to 12 degrees C (42 to 54 degrees F); the average July temperature is about 22 to 26 degrees C (72 to 78 degrees F) The frost free season is about 200 to 250 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Chuchupate,
Frazier, and
Gorman series. Chuchupate soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact, formed in residuum weathered from schist, are on mountain slopes with a slope from 50 to 75 percent, and have a cambic horizon. Frazier soils are moderately deep to a lithic contact, are on mountain slopes with slopes from 15 to 75 percent, and formed in colluvium derived from granite. Gorman soils have a fine-loamy particle-size class and formed in weakly consolidated sediments derived mostly from granitic rock sources.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; low runoff, and high saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing. Vegetation is ripgut brome, fiddleneck, redstem filaree, wild oats, soft chess and annual forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Transverse Range of Southern California, MLRA 18 and 19. The series is not extensive.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Kern County, California, 2008; Kern County, Southwest Part, Soil Survey.
REMARKS:
Particle size control section for this pedon: 25 to 100 cm
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic Epipedon 5 to 104 cm
Soil classified using the 12th Edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.