LOCATION HAWKSLAKE               OR

Tentative Series
Rev. CEG
01/2025

HAWKSLAKE SERIES

Landscape--intermontane basin
Landform--scarps, rock pediments, hills
Slope--2 to 75 percent
Parent material--coarse pumiceous volcanic ash and pumice parafragments or sandy eolium derived from volcanic ash over colluvium or residuum weathered from interbedded diatomaceous siltstone and sandstone
Mean annual precipitation--about 480 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Depth class--deep or very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over loamy, glassy over isotic, frigid Alfic Vitrixerands

TYPICAL PEDON: Hawkslake ashy coarse sandy loam, woodland, on a 14 percent slope at 1442 m elevation (The soil was moist throughout when described on September 8, 2011.)

Oi--0 to 3 cm; slightly decomposed plant material from needles, twigs and cones; abrupt smooth boundary

A--3 to 12 cm; ashy coarse sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common fine dendritic tubular pores; 2 percent fine pumice paragravel; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear smooth boundary

AB--12 to 40 cm; ashy coarse sandy loam, 70 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist, and 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium and coarse roots; common fine dendritic tubular pores; 5 percent fine pumice paragravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual smooth boundary

Bw--40 to 62 cm; ashy coarse sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, medium, coarse, and very coarse roots; few fine dendritic tubular pores; 5 percent fine pumice paragravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary

2Bt--62 to 105 cm; loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine dendritic tubular and common fine irregular pores; 10 percent distinct clay films on rock fragments, surfaces along root channels, and all faces of peds, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; 2 percent fine mudstone paragravel, 5 percent andesite gravel, and 2 percent andesite cobbles; cobbles are concentrated in the lower part of the horizon; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary

2C--105 to 142 cm; very paragravelly silt loam, white (10YR 8/1) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 45 percent mudstone paragravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary

2Cr--142 to 200 cm; diatomaceous mudstone bedrock; moderately coherent; fractures over 30 cm apart

TYPE LOCATION: Klamath County, Oregon; about 6.8 miles south and 1 mile east of the town of Chiloquin, Oregon; about 299 m south and 424 m west of the northeast corner of Section 13, Township 35 S, Range 7 E; Willamette Meridian; Chiloquin, Oregon U. S. Geological Survey quadrangle; latitude 42.5419444 degrees north, longitude 121.8236111 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates derived from GPS unit)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil Temperature: frigid regime
Mean annual soil temperature-- 5 to 8 degrees C
Moisture control section--20 to 60 cm; dry for 60 to 90 consecutive days within the four-month period following the summer solstice
Depth to paralithic contact--greater than 115 cm

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--2 to 15 percent in the upper part; 10 to 35 percent in the lower part
*rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent in the upper part; 2 to 30 percent in the lower part

Estimated properties, A, AB, and Bw horizons:
*Ammonium oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.4 to 1.0 percent
*Medium to very coarse sand in the .02 to 2.0 mm fraction--greater than 50 percent
*P-retention--25 to 50 percent
*Volcanic glass content--30 to 60 percent
*1/3-bar bulk density--1.00 to 1.35 g/cm3
*1500 kPa water (air-dried samples)--3 to 12 percent

Oi horizon (and Oe horizons, present in some pedons)
*Thickness--3 to 10 cm

A horizon
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR, moist or dry
Value--2 to 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma--2 or 3, moist or dry
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Total rock and pararock content--0 to 15 percent
Paragravel content--0 to 15 percent fine pumice
Total rock content--0 to 6 percent volcanic rock
Gravel content--0 to 5 percent
Cobble content--0 to 1 percent
Stone content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral (pH 6.1 to 7.3)
Organic matter content--2.0 to 10.0 percent
Thickness--4 to 25 cm

AB horizon (where present)
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR moist, 10YR dry
Value--3 or 4 moist, 4 to 7 dry
Chroma--3 or 4, moist or dry
Fine-earth texture--ashy loamy coarse sand, ashy coarse sandy loam, ashy sandy loam
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Total rock and pararock content--0 to 15 percent
Paragravel content--0 to 15 percent fine pumice
Total rock content--0 to 8 percent volcanic rock
Gravel content--0 to 10 percent
Cobble content--0 to 2 percent
Stone content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral (pH 6.1 to 7.3)
Organic matter content--0.5 to 4.0 percent
Thickness--0 to 50 cm

Bw horizon (where present)
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR moist, 10YR dry
Value--3 or 4 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 to 4, moist or dry
Fine-earth texture--ashy coarse sand, ashy loamy coarse sand, ashy coarse sandy loam, ashy sandy loam
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Total rock and pararock content--2 to 15 percent
Paragravel content--2 to 15 percent fine pumice
Total rock content--0 to 10 percent volcanic rock
Gravel content--0 to 10 percent
Cobble content--0 to 2 percent
Stone content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral (pH 6.1 to 7.3)
Organic matter content--0.5 to 2.0 percent
Thickness--0 to 50 cm

2Bt horizons
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR, moist or dry
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 to 8 dry
Chroma--2 to 6 moist, 2 to 4 dry
Fine-earth texture--loam, clay loam, silty clay loam
Clay content--10 to 35 percent
Total rock and pararock content--4 to 50 percent
Paragravel content--2 to 45 percent diatomaceous siltstone or mudstone
Total rock content--2 to 30 percent volcanic rock or mudstone
Gravel content--0 to 30 percent
Cobble content--0 to 20 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)
Organic matter content--0.1 to 2.0 percent
Thickness--30 to 125 cm

2C horizons (where present)
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR, moist or dry
Value--4 or 5 moist, 4 to 8 dry
Chroma--3 to 6 moist, 1 to 4 dry
Fine-earth texture--sandy loam, loam, silt loam
Clay content--10 to 25 percent
Total rock and pararock content--4 to 70 percent
Paragravel content--2 to 55 percent diatomaceous siltstone or mudstone
Total rock content--0 to 30 percent volcanic rock or mudstone
Gravel content--0 to 30 percent
Cobble content--0 to 20 percent
Stone content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)
Organic matter content--0 to 0.5 percent

COMPETING SERIES:
Smiling--textures of ashy sandy loam in A horizons; less than 50 percent medium to very coarse sand above the lithologic discontinuity
Brusher--textures of ashy silt loam, ashy loam, and ashy very fine sandy loam in A and Bw horizons; less than 50 percent medium to very coarse sand above the lithologic discontinuity

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--1325 to 1650 m
Climate--cold, wet winters and cool, dry summers
Mean annual air temperature-- 1 to 7 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--320 to 1100 mm
Frost-free period--50 to 90 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Jummer--on lava flows on hills; loamy-skeletal particle size control section; lithic contact with volcanic rock between 50 and 100 cm (moderately deep)
Maset--on low hills, rock pediment, and dipslopes on volcanic fields; ashy over loamy-skeletal particle-size control section; paralithic and lithic contacts with volcanic rock between 50 and 100 cm (moderately deep)
Rockyhole--on scarps and hills on volcanic fields; ashy over loamy-skeletal particle-size control section; depth to bedrock greater than 200 cm (very deep)

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high to very high in the A, AB, and Bw horizons; moderately high to high in the 2Bt and 2C horizons

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use-- timber production, livestock grazing, and wildlife habitat
Vegetation--ponderosa pine, white fir, Douglas-fir, incense cedar, common snowberry, snowbrush ceanothus, prostrate ceanothus, antelope bitterbrush, Ross' sedge, Idaho fescue, bottlebrush squirreltail

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Cascade Mountains, Eastern Slope, Oregon; MLRA 6; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES PROPOSED:
Klamath County Oregon, 2012
Origin of the name--the name is derived from a water body near where this soil is mapped; the water body is named "Hawks Lake" on the USGS topographic map

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Andic soil properties--zone from 2 to 55 cm
*Volcanic glass--zone from 2 to 55 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 12 to 62 cm
*Lithologic discontinuity--at 62 cm (at the top of the 2Bt horizon)
*Argillic horizon--zone from 62 to 105 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 3 to 103 cm
*Paralithic contact--at 142 cm (at the top of the 2Cr horizon)

NASIS Site ID--11OR035008; NASIS Pedon ID--S2012OR035003

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) characterization data--on the A, AB, Bw and 2Bt horizons from this pedon; Lab Pedon No. 12N8333

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.