LOCATION HEIDEN                  TX+OK

Established Series
Rev. GLL-CMR-RMR
08/2017

HEIDEN SERIES

The Heiden series consists of deep and very deep to mudstone, well drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in clayey residuum weathered from mudstone. These nearly level to moderately steep soils occur on footslopes of base slopes, shoulders of interfluves, and backslopes of side slopes of ridges on dissected plains. Slopes range from 0.5 to 20 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 in) and the mean annual temperature is about 20 degrees C (68 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplusterts

TYPICAL PEDON: Heiden clay, on a south-facing, convex, 1 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of 156 m (512 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many fine roots; few worm casts; few shell fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--15 to 46 cm (6 to 18 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm ,very sticky, very plastic; few fine roots; pressure faces, few slickensides (pedogenic) in lower part; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 76 cm [10 to 30 in].)

Bkss1--46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium wedge structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many prominent slickensides (pedogenic); common fine carbonate concretions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary.

Bkss2--91 to 147 cm (36 to 58 in); olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay, olive gray (5Y 4/2) moist; few fine faint olive (5Y 5/3) mottles; weak coarse wedge structure; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many distinct slickensides (pedogenic); common fine carbonate concretions; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bkss horizons is 30 to 135 cm [12 to 53 in].)

CBdk--147 to 178 cm (58 to 70 in); clay, olive (5Y 5/3) and yellow (5Y 7/6), moist; structureless massive; extremely hard, very firm, very sticky, very plastic; few distinct slickensides (geogenic) in the upper part; carbonate, finely disseminated; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Bell County, Texas; From the intersection of State Highway 36 and Farm to Market Road 436 in Heidenheimer, approximately 0.57 miles southeast on State Highway 36, 15 ft southwest of fence in cropland.
USGS topographic quadrangle: Temple, TX;
Latitude: 31 degrees, 0 minutes, 40 seconds N;
Longitude: 97 degrees, 17 minutes, 52 seconds W;
Datum: WGS84.
UTM Easting: 662496 m,
UTM Northing: 3432067 m,
UTM Zone 14N.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth of solum: 100 to 165 cm (40 to 65 in)
Soil moisture: Udic ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 90 and less than 150 cumulative days in normal years. Cracks in normal years, remain open 90 to 150 cumulative days.
Depth to densic materials: 100 to 165 cm (40 to 65 in)
Depth to densic contact: 100 to 203 cm (40 to 80 in)
Depth to slickensides (pedogenic): 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 in)
Depth to cambic horizon: 10 to 76 cm (4 to 30 in)
Surface rock fragments: 0 to 60 percent, 2 to 250 mm, quartzite, chert or limestone fragments

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent

A horizon
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 and 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: clay, silty clay
Other features: Thickness of the surface layer is less than 30 cm (12 in) in the majority of the pedon where chroma is 1; reaction is slightly alkaline; or the effervescence is noneffervescent.
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 35 percent; size-2 to 250 mm; kind-quartzite, chert, or limestone fragments
Effervescence: noneffervescent to strong
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bss, Bkss, BCkss horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Mottles: 0 to 20 percent, fine to coarse, faint to prominent
Colors: typically mottled with matrix color range
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 4 percent, fine to coarse, carbonate masses and carbonate concretions
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 35 percent
Gypsum: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: strong to violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline

Cd, CB, or CBdk horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: bedrock, clay, silty clay
Rupture resistance: noncemented
Bedrock: strongly weathered to slightly weathered calcareous mudstones
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 4 percent, fine to coarse, carbonate masses and carbonate concretions
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 40 percent
Gypsum: 0 to 5 percent
Effervescence: strong to violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bleiblerville, Branyon, Burleson, Clarita, Deport, Dimebox, Ellis, Fairlie, Houston Black, Lazare, Leson, Luling, McLean, Ovan, Sanger, Slidell, Sparenberg, and Watonga series.
Bleiblerville, Branyon, Burleson, Dimebox, Fairlie, Houston Black, Lazare, McLean, Ovan, Slidell, Sparenberg, and Watonga soils: do not have densic materials within 165 cm (65 in)
Clarita soils: have hue redder than 7.5YR in the subsoil
Deport soils: do not have free carbonates within 76 cm (30 in) depth
Ellis soils: have a densic contact within 100 cm (40 in) depth
Fairlie soils: have a paralithic contact within 150 cm (60 in) depth
Leson soils: have a chroma of 1 within a depth of 150 cm (60 in) depth
Luling soils: do not have free carbonates in the epipedon
Sanger soils: contain more than 40 percent calcium carbonate equivalent in the lower part of the subsoil

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey residuum weathered from mudstone
Landscape: dissected plains
Landform: footslopes of base slopes, shoulders of interfluves, or backslopes of side slopes of ridges
Microfeature: gilgai or linear gilgai
Slope: 0.5 to 20 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 711 to 1067 mm (28 to 42 in)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is mostly even throughout the year with the exception of May, June, and October being the wettest months. July and August are the driest months.
Thornthwaite P-E index: 44 to 66
Mean annual air temperature: 17 to 21 degrees C (63 to 70 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 224 to 278 days
Elevation: 75 to 424 m (245 to 1,390 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Altoga, Austin, Bastsil, Branyon, Ferris, Frio, Houston Black, Lewisville, Lott, Payne, Tinn, and Venus series.
Altoga, Lewsiville, and Venus soils: do not have slickensides and occur lower positions on risers of stream terraces
Austin soils: have a paralithic contact with chalk within a depth of 100 cm (40 in) and occur on similar positions
Bastsil and Payne soils: have an argillic horizon and occur on lower positions on the tread of stream terraces
Branyon soils: occur on lower positions on treads of stream terraces
Ferris soils: have color value higher than 3 within a depth of 30 cm (12 in) and occur on similar more sloping positions
Frio soils: do not have slickensides and occur on flood plains
Houston Black soils: occur on similar positions
Lott soils: do not have slickensides and occur on slightly higher similar positions
Tinn soils: do not have densic materials within 165 cm (65 in) and occur on flood plains

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Well.
Permeability class: Very slow.
Runoff: high on 0.5 to less than 1 percent slopes and very high on 1 to 20 percent slopes.
Infiltration is rapid when the soil is dry and cracked, but very slow when the soil is wet.

USE AND VEGETATION: The major uses are livestock grazing and hay production. Some areas are used for crop production. Improved bermudagrass, grain sorghum, corn, cotton, and wheat are the principal crops. The native plant community is fire-influenced tallgrass plant community, dominated by big bluestem, Indiangrass, switchgrass, eastern gamagrass, and little bluestem. Midgrasses such as sideoats grama, Virginia wildrye, Florida paspalum, Texas wintergrass, hairy grama, and dropseeds are also abundant. A wide variety of forbs add to the diverse native plant community. Mottes of live oak and hackberry trees are also native. Improper grazing will result in a reduction of tall grass dominance and an increase in composition of mid-grasses, unpalatable forbs, and woody species. Most areas have been cultivated, and are now in grass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East Central Texas; Land Resource Region J; MLRA 86A. The series is extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Travis County, Texas, 1969. The name "Heiden" is from the Heidenheimer community in southeastern Bell County, Texas.

REMARKS: These soils were formerly included with the Houston series. The Houston series has a layer saturated with water within 100 cm (40 in) of the mineral soil surface for 20 or more days in normal years. This soil has cracks in normal years that remain open 90 to 150 cumulative days.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 25 to 100 cm (10 to 40 in) (A, Bkss1, and Bkss2 horizons)

Mollic epipedon: 0 to 46 cm (0 to 18 in) (Ap and A horizons)
Cambic horizon: 46 to 178 cm (18 to 70 in) (Bkss1, Bkss2, and CBdk horizons)
Densic Materials: 147 to 178 cm (58 to 70 in) (CBdk horizon)
Slickensides: 46 to 147 cm (18 to 58 in) (Bkss1 and Bkss2 horizons)
Free carbonates: 0 to 178 cm (0 to 70 in) (Ap, A, Bkss1, Bkss2, and CBdk horizons)
Secondary carbonates: 46 to 178 cm (18 to 70 in) (Bkss1, Bkss2, and CBdk horizons)
Other features: High shrink-swell potential and cracks that are 1 to 8 cm (0.5 to 3 in) wide at a depth of 30 cm (12 in) or more during dry periods

Additional comments:
Soil Interpretation Record Number: TX0151, TX0152 (Stony), TX1149 (Cool), TX1151 (Stony, Cool)

ADDITIONAL DATA: TAMU Data: Falls County, S09TX145003 (TAMU7525-TAMU7531).

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.