LOCATION HILLEMANN AR
Established Series
Rev. LBW
10/2018
HILLEMANN SERIES
The Hillemann series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in loess. These soils are on loess covered, Pleistocene terraces in the Western Lowlands of the lower Mississippi River Valley; MLRA 134. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hillemann silt loam-cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 3 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; massive in place parting to to weak fine granular structure; friable; many medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine continuous vertical and oblique tubular pores; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation with sharp boundaries lining root channels; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
Ap2--3 to 8 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; massive in place parting to weak fine granular structure; friable; common medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine continuous vertical tubular pores; many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation with sharp boundaries along root channels; mildly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Eg--8 to 15 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many very and fine continuous vertical tubular pores; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation, and few medium faint light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bt--15 to 23 inches; 50 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) and 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common very fine continuous vertical tubular pores; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of most peds; light gray (10YR 7/1) fingers of silt (clay depletions) make up about 5 percent of the matrix; areas of the matrix that are reddish brown are irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Btg--23 to 28 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common very fine continuous vertical tubular pores; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of some peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries throughout; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B/E1--28 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (Btgn); weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt tongues (Eg) about 2 inches wide between prisms, starting in the lower part of the horizon make up about 15 percent of the matrix; few fine roots; common very fine vertical tubular pores; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of some peds; white (10YR 8/1) silt coatings (clay depletions) on faces of some peds; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregularly masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries throughout Btgn part; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B/E2--40 to 57 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam (Btgn); weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium blocky; firm; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt tongues (Eg) about 2 inches wide between prisms, extend through the horizon and makes up about 20 percent of the matrix; few fine roots; many very fine continuous vertical tubular pores; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds and lining some pores; white (10YR 8/1) silt coatings (clay depletions) on faces of some peds; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout Btgn part; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
B/E3--57 to 70 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam (Btgn); weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium blocky; very firm; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt tongues (Eg) about 2 inches wide between prisms, makes up about 15 percent of the matrix; many very fine continuous vertical tubular pores; few fine roots; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of some peds and lining some pores in Btgn part; a few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films around margin of tongues; white (10YR 8/1) silt coatings (clay depletions) on faces of some peds; common coarse prominent (5YR 4/6) and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries throughout Btgn part; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btgn--70 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; strong medium angular and subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine and medium smooth slickensides; few fine roots; common very fine continuous vertical tubular pores; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of most peds; common white (10YR 8/1) silt coatings (clay depletions) on vertical faces of peds; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with diffuse boundaries throughout; moderately alkaline. (Combined thickness of the B/E and Btgn horizons ranges from 12 to more than 70 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Woodruff County, Arkansas; 2 miles south of Hunter; 385 feet east and 144 feet south of the northwest corner of section 28; NE1/4NW1/4NW1/4, sec. 28, T. 5 N., R. 1 W.
RANGE OF CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 48 to more than 80 inches. Depth to a subhorizon with more than 15 percent sodium saturation ranges from 16 to 36 inches. Reaction is commonly strongly acid or moderately acid in the A and E horizons, but ranges to mildly alkaline because of alkaline irrigation water; very strongly acid to moderately acid in the Bt and Btg horizons; very strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part of the B/E horizon and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the lower part of the B/E horizon and in Btgn, BC and C horizons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1, 2 or 3. Texture is silt or silt loam. Masses of iron accumulation or iron depletions range from none to common and are in shades of brown or gray.
The E horizon and E part of the B/E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5, 6 or 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt or silt loam. Masses of iron accumulation or iron depletions range from none to common and are in shades of brown or gray.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6, with iron depletions in shades of gray; or is a combination of colors with masses of iron accumulation and iron depletions in shades of red, brown or gray. Texture is silty clay or silty clay loam.
The Btg, Btgn, and Btgn part of the B/E horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 5, 6 or 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Masses of iron accumulation and iron depletions are in shades of red, brown or gray. Texture is silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 5, 6 or 7, and chroma or 1 or 2. Masses of iron accumulation are in shades of brown. Texture is silt loam, or silty clay loam.
The C or 2C horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma or 1 to 4. Masses of iron accumulation or iron depletions are in shades of brown or gray. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, loam or fine sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These include the
Deerford and
Foley series. Deerford soils have ped interiors with higher chroma in the upper Bt horizons and do not have red masses of iron accumulation or red matrix colors. Foley soils do not have red masses of iron accumulation or red matrix colors in the upper Bt horizons and is poorly drained.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hillemann soils are on level to nearly Pleistocene aged, loess covered terraces in the Western Lowlands and other similar areas of the lower Mississippi Valley; MLRA 134. These surfaces have a Peoria loess veneer more than 4 feet thick. The mean annual precipitation ranges from about 46 to 52 inches and mean annual temperature ranges from about 58 to 65 degrees. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Calhoun,
Calloway,
Grenada,
Grubbs,
Henry,
Loring and
Tichnor. Calhoun and Henry soils occur on similar landscapes; are poorly drained and do not have a natric horizon. Calloway soils occur on slightly higher positions; have a fragipan and do not have a natric horizon. Grenada and Loring soils occurs on adjacent loess covered uplands, or on dissected areas along the terrace escarpment; are moderately well drained, contain a fragipan and do not have a natric horizon. Grubbs soils occur on terrace escarpments and perimeter of terrace treads; are moderately well drained, in a fine particle-size class and do not contain a natric horizon. Tichnor soils occur on drains; are poorly drained and do not contain a natric horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow to medium. Permeability is very slow due to the high concentration of sodium which causes dispersion of the clay in the subsoil. These soils have a seasonally high water table 1 to 2 feet below the soil surface from December through April most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are cultivated. Common crops are grain sorghum, rice, soybeans and wheat. Minor areas are used for pasture and hayland. A few tracts remain wooded, in bottomland hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Loess covered Pleistocene terraces of Arkansas, Missouri and Louisiana, and possibly Mississippi.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AUBURN, ALABAMA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Francis County, Arkansas; 1965.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in the pedon are:
ochric epipedon - surface to 15 inches
albic horizon - 8 to 15 inches
argillic horizon - 15 to 80 inches
natric horizon - 15 to 80 inches
glossic horizon - 28 to 70 inches
abrupt texture change between Eg and Bt horizons
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data by the University of Arkansas Soil Characterization Laboratory. Pedon 74WD02.
Horizon Depth % sand % silt % clay % Na sat.
Ap1 0-3 4.8 84.1 11.1 2
Ap2 3-8 4.4 82.3 13.3 3
Eg 8-15 3.8 77.7 18.8 5
Bt 15-23 2.3 57.6 40.1 8
Btg 23-28 2.1 66.5 31.4 11
B/E1 28-40 2.6 70.6 26.8 18
B/E2 40-49 6.0 70.4 23.6 25
B/E2 49-57 6.9 70.3 22.8 27
B/E3 57-70 7.0 59.7 33.3 22
Btgn 70-80 11.2 54.8 34.0 22
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.