LOCATION HOOTEN                  NV

Established Series
Rev. MAT/WED/JVC
05/2016

HOOTEN SERIES

The Hooten series consists of very shallow to a duripan, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from basaltic rocks over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed sources. Hooten soils and are on lake terraces and beach terraces. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 127 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic, shallow Cambidic Haplodurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Hooten very gravelly sand--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with approximately 70 percent angular basalt gravel (3 to 6 mm in diameter).

A--0 to 1 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; single grain; loose; nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine interstitial pores; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 10 cm thick)

Bk1--1 to 5 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and medium roots; common fine interstitial and many fine tubular pores; few faint clay bridges; secondary carbonates segregated as few fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) masses; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 8 cm thick)

Bk2--5 to 13 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) very gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few faint clay bridges; common fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; secondary carbonates segregated as few medium very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 13 cm thick)

2Bqm--13 to 25 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) cemented material, with thin (0.5 to 2 mm) discontinuous, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) laminae that are mostly horizontally oriented, brown (10YR 5/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; strong medium platy structure; laminae are extremely hard and very firm while the matrix material is hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; matrix is strongly cemented by silica; common very fine roots matted on the laminae surfaces; common very fine interstitial pores; laminae are violently effervescent and matrix is strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 23 cm thick)

2C--25 to 38 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak thin and medium platy structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 53 cm thick)

3Cq1--38 to 112 cm; dark gray (10YR 4/1) stratified sand, very gravelly coarse sand, and gravel, black (10YR 2/1) moist; massive; loose; nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine interstitial pores; few 0.5 mm thick discontinuous weakly silica-cemented lenses that are hard, firm brittle; common and many, fine to coarse, faint brown (10YR 5/3) and few coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation that sometimes occur as bands and are most striking in gravel strata; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 89 cm thick)

4Cq2--112 to 152 cm; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) stratified fine sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; massive; hard, firm and brittle; common very fine interstitial pores; weakly silica-cemented with few silica bridges between sand grains; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Churchill County, Nevada; in the Lahontan Valley about 12 miles north of Fallon; approximately 2,100 feet east and 120 feet south of the northwest corner of section 36, T. 21 N., R. 28 E.; USGS Upsal Hogback 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 39 minutes 2.7 seconds N and longitude 118 degrees 47 minutes 15 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.6507500 latitude, -118.7875000 longitude..

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and early spring, dry in late spring, summer, and fall; typic aridic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C.
Depth to thin, strongly-cemented duripan: 13 to 25 cm.
Other Features: Some pedons have thin Bq horizons below the duripan.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 20 to 30 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent gravel (less than 10 mm in diameter), may contain 30 to 60 percent in any one stratum.

A horizon
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.

Bw and Bk horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Very gravelly clay loam, very gravelly sandy clay loam, or very gravelly loam.
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent fine gravel.
Structure: Weak or moderate, medium or coarse, prismatic or platy.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 45.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent, some pedons are noneffervescent in the upper part.

Bqm horizon
Very thin (less than 3 mm thick) continuous silica-cemented laminae are present and are dominantly oriented horizontally. Some laminae have carbonate coats with value of 8 dry and 6 moist. Diagonal and vertical laminae and silica-lined pores and bridging also occur.
Cementation: Strongly cemented.

C horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 2 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Silt loam, stratified sand to extremely gravelly coarse sand, and stratified sandy loam to silt loam.
Structure: Weak platy or massive.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent to strongly effervescent.
Other features: Weakly cemented Bq horizons occur in some pedons and when present, have platy structure or are massive; redox concentrations of iron are present in most pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hooten soils are on lake terraces and beach terraces. Slope shapes are linear to slightly convex. These soils formed alluvium derived from basaltic rocks over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed sources. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations range from 1189 to 1280 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 150 mm, the mean annual temperature is 10 to 13 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 120 to 140 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bango, Gardella, and Isolde soils. Bango soils are fine-loamy, very deep, and occur over discontinuous dendritic tufa. Gardella soils are sandy, shallow and very shallow to thin duripans, and occur on adjacent lake terraces. Isolde soils are sandy, very deep, and occur on dunes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained and moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Hooten soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is bud sagebrush, shadscale, Baileys greasewood, Indian ricegrass, Sandbergs bluegrass, and inland saltgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are not extensive with about 4,200 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 27.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Churchill County (Fallon-Fernley Area), Nevada, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 13 cm (A,Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 1 to 13 cm (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 13 to 25 cm (2Bqm horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from the soil surface to 13 cm (A, Bk1, and Bk2 horizons).

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.