LOCATION HULLIGAN MN
Established Series
Rev. CTS-MLP-AGG
01/2011
HULLIGAN SERIES
The Hulligan series consists of very deep, poorly and very poorly drained soils that formed in a loamy mantle overlying gravelly glacial outwash. These soils are on outwash plains and moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 4 degrees Cand the mean annual precipitation is about 720 mm.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, isotic, nonacid, frigid Typic Humaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Hulligan mucky fine sandy loam on a slope of less than 1 percent under a stand of tag alder on an outwash plain at an elevation of 459 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 18 cm; black (N 2/0) mucky fine sandy loam, dark gray (N 4/0) dry; weak thick platy structure; friable; many fine, very fine coarse and medium roots; about 5 percent gravel and about 2 percent stones; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 20 cm thick)
Bw1--18 to 48 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; many fine prominent gray (5YR 5/1) Fe depletions and many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; about 12 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--48 to 84 cm; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; common coarse prominent reddish gray (5YR 5/2) Fe depletions and common fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 30 to 91 cm thick.)
2C1--84 to 114 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very gravelly loamy coarse sand; very weak thick platy structure parting to single grain; very friable to loose; common fine roots; many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) Fe depletions and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; about 40 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2C2--114 to 152 cm; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) Fe concentrations; about 20 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2C3--152 to 173 cm; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 20 percent gravel; 1 inch strata of brown (7.5YR 5/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) very fine sandy loam; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2C4--173 to 203 cm; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 50 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Louis County, Minnesota; about 25 miles north of Duluth; 2000 feet south and 300 feet west of the northeast corner, section 30, T. 55 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Pequaywan Lake Quadrangle, latitude 47 degrees 13 minutes 20 seconds N. and longitude 91 degrees 53 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soil moisture control section is moist in all parts during the 90 days following the summer solstice. The depth to gravelly loamy sand and coarser material ranges from 51 to 102 cm. The depth to free carbonates is more than 203 cm. Rock fragment content in the mantle ranges from 3 to 35 percent and from 15 to 75 percent in the underlying sediment.
Some pedons have and Oa horizon up to 15 cm thick.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, silt loam or their mucky analogues. The rock fragment content ranges from 3 to 10 percent with 3 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 3 percent cobbles and 0 to 2 percent stones and boulders.
It is strongly acid through slightly acid.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is gravelly sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, gravelly loam, gravelly silt loam or their nongravelly analogues. The rock fragment content ranges from 3 to 35 percent with 3 to 35 percent gravel, 0 to 3 percent cobbles and 0 to 2 percent stones and boulders. It is strongly acid through slightly acid.
Some pedons have a Bg horizon with similar hue and value and includes chroma of 1 or 2.
Some pedons have a 2BC horizon.
The 2C horizon has a hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 3 to 6. Some pedons have hue of 10YR, value of 3 and chroma of 2 in some Rainy lobe materials. It is very gravelly coarse sand, very gravelly loamy coarse sand, very gravelly sand, very gravelly loamy sand or their gravelly and extremely gravelly analogues. The total rock fragment content typically ranges from 10 to 75 percent, with 10 to 75 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles and 0 to 3 percent stones and boulders. Thin strata of loamy material are common in this horizon. It is moderately or slightly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Giese and
Bugcreek series. These soils developed in dense till and do not have coarse textures in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hulligan soils have linear or concave slopes on outwash plains and moraines. They formed in a loamy mantle overlying acid, gravelly glacial outwash. The material is from the Rainy Lobe, Superior Lobe or mixed from both sources and is of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 2 to 6 degrees C. and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 650 to 790 mm. Annual frost free days range from 80 to 140 days. The elevation above sea level ranges from 350 to 500 meters.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Cloquet,
Aldenlake,
Gnesen,
Pequaywan and
Rollins soils. The somewhat excessively drained Cloquet and Rollins soils, the well drained Aldenlake soils, the moderately well drained Pequaywan soils and somewhat poorly drained Gnesen soils are all on higher lying positions on the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly and very poorly drained. Surface runoff is very low to negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is 4.23 to 42.34 micrometers per second (.6 to 6 in/hr) in the loamy mantle and 42.34 to 423.3 micrometers per second in the gravelly material. Hulligan soils have apparent seasonal saturation as high as 15 cm below the surface during spring in normal years in the poorly drained phase, and as high as the surface during spring in normal years in the very poorly drained phase. In addition, the very poorly drained phase is subject to ponding following periods of snowmelt or high rainfall.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for timber production. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Vegetation typically includes quaking aspen, balsam fir and black ash. Shrubs are tag alder, red osier dogwood and willow.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-90 and 93. Northeastern Minnesota. Small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - a zone from the surface to a depth of 7 inches (A horizon); cambic horizon - the zone from 7 to 33 inches (Bw horizons); aquic moisture condition - based on a presumed positive alpha-alpha-dipyridal reaction in the upper 20 inches of the profile during some part of the year in most years. These soils do not show the normal reduced low chroma color typical of soil saturation. Isotic mineralogy based upon the 15 Bar moisture/clay ratio of greater than .6 in the control section. The darker colors of the C horizon are due to dark mineral grains. 1/28/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.