LOCATION HUSSMAN                 NV

Established Series
Rev. ELS-EWB-JVC-JBF
03/2017

HUSSMAN SERIES

The Hussman series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Hussman soils are on low stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Torrertic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hussman clay--irrigated cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

Ap--0 to 18 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; few worm burrows; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 20 cm thick)

A--18 to 30 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; few wormholes; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

Bk1--30 to 71 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; secondary carbonates segregated as common fine filaments; noneffervescent matrix and strongly effervescent filaments; common fine distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist, masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (20 to 41 cm thick)

Bk2--71 to 107 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; secondary carbonates segregated as many fine masses; strongly effervescent; common fine and medium distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist, masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2) clear smooth boundary. (30 to 50 cm thick)

C1--107 to 137 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent in a few small spots; common fine and medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist, masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 cm thick)

C2--137 to 152 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; slightly effervescent; common fine distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist, masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3).

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Nevada; in Carson Valley about 1 mile southeast of Gardnerville; 2,800 feet south and 300 feet east of the northwest corner of section 3, T. 12 N., R. 20 E.; USGS Gardnerville 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 55 minutes 53.6 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 43 minutes 54.4 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.9315556 latitude, -119.7317778 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in the moisture control section in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall unless irrigated; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 9 to 12 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 40 cm.
Linear extensibility: An assumed sum of 6 to 9 cm from the soil surface to 100 cm.
Other features: Some horizons have mica grains evident, but in amounts less than 65 percent by grain count.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Sand content: Less than 30 percent.
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent.

Ap and A horizons
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Structure: Subangular blocky or prismatic.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Organic matter content: 1 to 3 percent.

Bk horizons
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified silty clay loam to clay.
Structure: Subangular blocky, prismatic, or massive.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Identifiable secondary carbonates: Occurs as common or many filaments or fine masses.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as few or common masses of iron accumulation. Some pedons have few or common zones of iron depletion.

C horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified silty clay loam to clay.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Very slightly effervescent or slightly effervescent; Some subhorizons have isolated pockets of strong effervescence.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as common or many masses of iron accumulation. Some pedons have few or common zones of iron depletion.

COMPETING SERIES: At present, there are no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hussman soils are on low stream terraces. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,400 to 1,465 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 8 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 90 to 110 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the Gardnerville soil. Gardnerville soils have ochric epipedons, albic horizons, natric horizons, and horizons with durinodes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; high surface runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 76 and 122 meters (moderately deep and deep free water occurrence classes) from December through May. Cumulative annual duration classes are Common or Persistent. These soils are susceptible to rare flooding for very brief periods year-round or occasional flooding for brief periods from December to March.

USE AND VEGETATION: Hussman soils are used for irrigated cropland and livestock grazing. Common crops are alfalfa hay, small grains, and grass-legume pasture. Vegetation in rangeland is mainly basin big sagebrush and grass with black greasewood and inland saltgrass in saline-sodic areas.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are not extensive with about 1,800 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 26.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County (Carson Valley Area), Nevada, 1975.

REMARKS: The 04/2000 revision updated the taxonomic subgroup from Fluvaquentic to Torrertic Haploxerolls.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 30 cm (Ap and A horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 30 to 107 cm (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
Linear extensibility feature - Based on smectitic clay mineralogy and high shrink-swell potential, an assumed sum of 6 to 9 cm exists from the soil surface to 100 cm (Ap, A, and Bk1 horizons and part of the Bk2 horizon).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 76 and 122 cm at certain times in normal years (parts of the Bk2, C1, and C2 horizons).
Particle size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bk1 horizon and parts of the A and Bk2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.