LOCATION INGRAHAM WA
Established Series
IRD. PHR/MPR
07/2017
INGRAHAM SERIES
Landscape--Cascade Mountains
Landform--bedrock benches, glacial valley walls, ridges
Slope--5 to 100 percent
Parent material--volcanic ash over andesite
Mean annual precipitation--about 1800 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Depth class--shallow
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy, amorphic, frigid Lithic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Ingraham paragravelly ashy sandy loam on a southwest-facing, 10-percent slope of a forested bedrock bench at an elevation of 785 m (When described on August 3, 2012, the soil was moist throughout.)
Oi--0 to 2 cm; slightly decomposed plant material; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary
Oe--2 to 4 cm; moderately decomposed plant material; common fine roots and few very fine and medium roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary
E--4 to 7 cm; paragravelly ashy sandy loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine to medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 15 percent fine pumice paragravel and 5 percent medium and coarse pumice paragravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear irregular boundary
Bs--7 to 25 cm; paragravelly ashy loamy coarse sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine to coarse roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 20 percent fine pumice paragravel and 5 percent medium and coarse pumice paragravel; moderately acid (pH 5.7); abrupt wavy boundary
2R--25 cm; fractured andesite
TYPE LOCATION: Pierce County, Washington, about 600 m north of the Nisqually Entrance to Mount Rainier National Park; about 640 m south and 10 m east of the northwest corner of section 34, T. 15 N., R. 7 E., Willamette Meridian; Sawtooth Ridge, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle; latitude 46.74440 degrees north, longitude -121.91799 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--6 to 8 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October
Depth to lithic contact--25 to 50 cm
All mineral horizons
*Volcanic glass content--50 to 75 percent
*Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--greater than 0.4 percent
Particle-size control section
*Clay content--1 to 7 percent
*Pararock and rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent pumice paragravel throughout profile, 0 to 5 percent subangular andesite gravel in lower part of profile
O horizon
*In lieu of texture--slightly decomposed plant material, moderately decomposed plant material
*Thickness--0 to 5 cm
E horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--3 to 6 moist, 5 to 8 dry
*Chroma--1 or 2 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand
*Clay content--1 to 7 percent
*Pararock fragment content--0 to 35 percent pumice paragravel
*Reaction--4.5 to 5.5
*Thickness--2 to 10 cm
Bs horizon:
*Hue--7.5YR, 5YR
*Value--2.5 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
*Chroma--1 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy loamy coarse sand, ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand
*Clay content--1 to 7 percent
*Pararock and rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent total, including 5 to 35 percent pumice paragravel and 0 to 5 percent andesite gravel
*Reaction--5.1 to 6.0
*Thickness--10 to 35 cm
COMPETING SERIES: None
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--600 to 1400 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, wet winters
Mean annual precipitation--1600 to 2000 mm
Mean annual air temperature--5 to 7 degrees C
Frost-free period--90 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Goldenlakes--lithic contact at a depth of 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep); on steeper adjacent bedrock-controlled landforms
Kautz--greater than 150 cm deep to lithic contact (very deep)
Sunbeam--aquic conditions within 25 cm of the soil surface; in adjacent positions with gentler slopes that receive runoff
Tokaloo--aquic conditions 25 to 50 cm from the soil surface; in adjacent positions with gentler slopes that receive runoff
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high, very high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation
Potential natural vegetation--Douglas-fir, western hemlock, western swordfern, Cascade Oregon grape, vine maple, vanillaleaf, salal, beargrass, prince's pine, myrtle pachistima, black huckleberry
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Cascade Mountains, Washington; MLRA 3; small extent
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mount Rainier National Park, Pierce County, Washington; 2014; name from Ingraham Glacier in Mount Rainier National Park
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 4 to 25 cm
*Ochric epipedon
*Albic horizon--zone from 4 to 7 cm
*Spodic horizon--zone from 7 to 25 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 4 to 25 cm
*Volcanic glass--zone from 4 to 25 cm
*Depth to lithic contact--25 cm
*Distinguishable tephra layers--Mount St. Helens Wn tephra (E horizon), Mount St. Helens Yn tephra (Bs horizon)
7/2017--This official series description was updated according to SSR1 Technical Note 11--Content and Format of Official Series Descriptions (revised 12/2015). Most of the changes were in formatting; no major technical changes were made.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.