LOCATION IPAGE NE+SD

Established Series
Rev. SAG,RRH,HBM
04/2012

IPAGE SERIES

The Ipage series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in eolian sands on interdunes of sandhills in the Nebraska Sandhills (MLRA 65). Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C. (48 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 52 centimeters (20 inches) at the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Oxyaquic Ustipsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Ipage fine sand on a 1 percent convex northeast facing slope from a map unit of Ipage fine sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes in native rangeland. When described, the soil was moist to134 centimeters (53 inches) and wet below. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 16 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak very fine and fine granular structure; soft, very friable; many fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [8 to 24 centimeters (3 to 9 inches) thick)]

AC1--16 to 39 centimeters (6 to 15 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure; soft, very friable; common fine and very fine roots; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.

AC2--39 to 60 centimeters (15 to 24 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist: weak coarse prismatic structure; soft, very friable; common fine and very fine roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. [combined thickness of the AC horizon is 0 to 46 centimeters (0 to 18 inches) thick]

C-- 60 to 102 centimeters (24 to 40 inches); very pale brown (10YR 8/3) fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; slightly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.

Cg1--102 to 134 centimeters (40 to 53 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist, iron masses in the soil matrix; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2--134 to 200 centimeters (53 to 80 inches); light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist, iron masses in the soil matrix; single grain; loose; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Cherry County, Nebraska; about 64 kilometers (40 miles) southeast of Valentine, Nebraska; located about 335 meters (1100 feet) south and 183 meters (600 feet) west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T.29 N., R. 31 W., Square Lake USGS quad; lat.42 degrees 27 minutes 4 seconds N. and long. 100 degrees 56 minutes 7 seconds W., NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture regime: Ustic
Thickness of ochric epipedon: 8 to 24 centimeters (3 to 9.5 inches)
Carbonates: typically none
Depth to redoximorphic features: 76 to 183 centimeters (30 to 72 inches)
Depth to endosaturation: 91 to 183 centimeters (36 to 72 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 1 to 10 percent
Sand content: 78 to 99 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand or sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

AC horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand loamy fine sand, loamy sand or sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral.

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR and 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 8, 3 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand or loamy sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR and 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 8, 3 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand or loamy sand
Reaction: typically strongly acid to neutral in the upper part and moderately acid to slightly alkaline at depths below 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Some pedons have thin layers of darker colored, finer textured, or gravelly material below a depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches).

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Saxman and Natick series.

Both the Saxman and Natick soils average more than 25 percent medium sand and 50 percent or less fine sand in the 25 to 100 centimeter (10 to 39 inches) control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: eolian sands
Landscape: sandhills
Landform: interdunes
Slope: 0 to 6 percent
Elevation: 600 to 1200 meters (1970 to 3940 feet)
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 66 centimeters (15 to 26 inches)
Mean annual air temperature: 8 to 10 degrees C. (46 to 50 degrees F.)
Frost Free Days: 120 to 150

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Els, Elsmere, Loup, Marlake, Nenzel, Tryon, and Valentine soils.
Els soils are slightly lower on swales on interdunes and are somewhat poorly drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at 46 centimeters (18 inches).
Elsmere soils are slightly lower on swales on interdunes, are somewhat poorly drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at 46 centimeters (18 inches), and have mollic epipedons.
Loup soils are lower on swales on interdunes, are poorly and very poorly drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at the surface, and have mollic epipedons.
Marlake soils are in depressions on interdunes and are very poorly drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at the surface and having ponding up to 61 centimeters (24 inches).
Nenzel soils are on similar hummocks and swales on interdunes, are moderately well drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at 91 centimeters (36 inches), and have mollic epipedons.
Tryon soils are lower on swales on interdunes and are poorly and very poorly drained having a seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions beginning at the surface.
Valentine soils are on higher hummocks and dunes and are excessively drained having no seasonal zone of saturation or aquic conditions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: very high
Runoff: negligible

USE AND VEGETATION: The major use is livestock grazing. A few areas are cultivated or hayed. Irrigated corn and alfalfa are the major crops. The rangeland native plant community for the sandy lowland ecological site (R065XY029NE) is principally sand bluestem, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, needle and thread, and blue grama.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In and near the sandhills of Nebraska and South Dakota and mostly in LRR G, MLRA 65. The Ipage series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Keya Paha County, Nebraska, 1977.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 16 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) (A horizon)
Aquic conditions: 102 centimeters (40 inches) to 200 centimeters (79 inches) (Cg1 and Cg2 horizons)
A calcareous phase of the Ipage series is recognized.
2/2007 RRH: Natick series has been established for the Ipage soils located on non-flooded stream terraces of valleys.
10/2005 LRM: metric conversion and changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity
2/2007 RRH: Introductory Paragraph: revised landform/landscape; Typical Pedon and Type Location: moved from Holt County, Nebraska to Cherry County, Nebraska to better represent the fine sands of the sandhills; Range in Characteristics: revised; Competing Series: revised. Geographic Setting: revised; Geographically Associated Soils: revised, deleted Inavale and Ord soils as these soils do not occur at the new type location, added Nenzel and Marlake soils as these soils occur at the new type location; Use and Vegetation: revised
These soils were included with Inavale and Valentine soils in older surveys. The alkali substratum phase previously recognized will be recorrelated to the Wildhorse or similar series.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data is available from the National Soil Survey Center, Soil Survey Laboratory for the typical pedon, Pedon ID 87NE031101. Additional Soil Survey Laboratory data is available from Blaine, Cherry, Holt, Rock, and Custer Counties in Nebraska.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.