LOCATION ISHPEMING MI+WI
Established Series
Rev. DSJ-JJJ
06/2011
ISHPEMING SERIES
The Ishpeming series consists of moderately deep somewhat excessively drained soils formed in 20 to 40 inches of glaciofluvial and sandy till overlying igneous and metamorphic bedrock on ground moraines, end moraines, outwash plains and stream terraces. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mineral material and extremely slow in the bedrock. Slopes range from 0 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 34 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 40 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Ishpeming sand - on a 18 percent east-facing slope in a forested area at an elevation of 1,130. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--0 to 2 inches; black (N 2.5/0) partially decomposed forest litter; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
E--2 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine to coarse roots; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (3 to 14 inches thick)
Bs1--6 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine to medium roots; discontinuous tongues of dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moderately cemented ortstein occupy 40 percent (16 of 40 inches) of the horizon tongues are 4 to 10 inches wide, 5 to 18 inches apart, and extend to a depth of 16 inches; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bs2--7 to 13 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; common very fine to medium roots; discontinuous tongues of dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moderately cemented orstein extend into this horizon from the Bs1 horizon and occupy 10 percent (4 of 40 inches) of the horizon; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary. (5 to 22 inches thick)
BC--13 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; single grain; loose; common very fine to medium roots; about 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches)
C--24 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine sand; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 8 percent cobbles and 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
2R--38 inches; igneous bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Michigan; 1 mile north of the city of Gwinn; 330 feet east and 1990 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T 45 N., R 25 W ; USGS Gwinn topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 17 minutes 56 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 26 minutes 54 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated depths in the following paragraph are measured from the mineral surface.) The depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments are composed of granite, schists, slates, and quartzite. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 15 percent and cobbles range from 0 to 10 percent by volume throughout the pedon. Total rock fragments percentage is less than 15 percent in the solum.
The O horizon has a hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or is neutral, has a value of 2 or 2.5, and a chroma of 0 or 1.
The A horizon, not in all pedons, has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 4. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bs2 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The BC horizon, not in all pedons, has a hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. It is sand, fine sand, loamy sand or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The C horizon, not in all pedons, has hue of 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand or the gravelly or cobbly analogues of these textures. Thin lenses of fine sandy loam occur above the bedrock in some pedons. Reaction of the C horizon ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2R horizon includes granite, schist, slate, basalt, and quartzite.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Deerton,
Duel, East Lake,
Hartwick,
Karlin,
Kiva,
Missisquoi,
Pence,
Rousseau,
Rubicon,
Sayner, and
Vilas series. East Lake, Hartwick, Karlin, Kiva, Missisquoi, Pence, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner, and Vilas soils do not have a lithic contact within a depth of 40 inches. Deerton soils have rock fragments that are composed of sandstone and are underlain by sandstone at 20 to 40 inches. Duel soils are have rock fragments composed of limestone and are underlain by limestone at 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Ishpeming soils are on bedrock controlled moraines. They formed in 20 to 40 inches of glaciofluvial deposits and sandy till overlying igneous and metamorphic bedrock on ground moraines, end moraines, outwash plains and stream terraces. Slopes range from about 0 to 70 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 38 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 43 degrees F. The frost free period is 90 to 130 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The
Rousseau,
Sayner, and
Rubicon soils are on nearby areas, generally downslope.
Peshekee and
Michigamme soils are loamy associates on similar landscape positions. Rock outcrops are almost always nearby.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Surface runoff is slow to moderate. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are wooded. Vegetation includes sugar and red maple, bigtooth and quaking aspen, eastern white pine, paper birch and northern red oak. Common ground plants include low sweet blueberry, canada blueberry, bracken fern, wintergreen, trailing arbutus, serviceberry, wild-lilly-of-the-valley, and shining clubmoss.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and western half of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northern Wisconsin. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Baraga County, Michigan, 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 6 inches (Oe and E horizon).
Albic horizon - the zone from 2 to 6 inches (E horizon). Spodic horizon - the zone from 6 to 13 inches (Bs1 and Bs2 horizons).
The revision of this pedon is due to the new location of the typical pedon.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.