LOCATION ISLANDLAKE MI

Established Series
Rev. JKC-WEF-LLD
08/2012

ISLANDLAKE SERIES

The Islandlake series consist of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in sandy glaciofluvial deposits on kames, moraines, stream terraces, and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 7.2 degrees C (45 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Lamellic Haplorthods

TYPICAL PEDON: Islandlake sand, on a 1 percent slope on an end moraine in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)

Oe--0 to 2 cm (1 inch); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) partially decomposed forest litter. [0 to 5 cm (2 inches) thick]

A--2 to 5 cm (1 to 2 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 8 cm (3 inches) thick]

E--5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. [2 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches) thick]

Bhs--13 to 15 cm (5 to 6 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; clear broken boundary. [2 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches) thick]

Bs1--15 to 48 cm (6 to 19 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots between ortstein columns; columns of weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) ortstein 10 to 13 cm wide extend into the Bs2 horizon; ortstein columns are 13 to 51 cm apart; ortstein occupies 13 percent of the horizon; about 5 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs2--48 to 69 cm (19 to 27 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and few medium roots between ortstein columns; columns of weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) ortstein 10 to 13 cm wide extend through this horizon from the Bs1 horizon into the E' horizon; ortstein columns are 13 to 51 cm apart; ortstein occupies 13 percent of the horizon; about 5 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bs horizon is 13 to 69 cm (5 to 27 inches).]

E'--69 to 132 cm (27 to 52 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak fine granular; very friable; few fine and medium roots between ortstein columns; columns of weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) ortstein about 8 cm wide extend into this horizon from the Bs2 horizon; ortstein columns are 8 to greater than 102 cm apart; ortstein occupies 7 percent of the horizon; about 7 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; abrupt broken boundary. [0 to 51 cm (20 inches) thick)]

E and Bt--132 to 203 cm (52 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; with brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand lamellae (Bt); medium thick platy structure; friable; lamellae are 3 to 6 mm thick; total accumulation of lamellae is less than 15 cm; few fine roots; about 7 percent fine gravel; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Kalkaska County, Michigan; 1,250 feet north and 800 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 27 N., R. 5 W., North part of Bear Lake Township; USGS Lake Marqrethe , Michigan topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 43 minutes, 56 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 51 minutes 56 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the E and Bt (first lamellae) horizon: 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 114 to more than 203 cm (45 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 178 to more than 203 cm (70 to more than 80 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and 0 to 3 percent cobbles throughout
Ortstein content: 0 to 35 percent in the Bs and E' horizons

Oe horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR, or is neutral
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 0 to 3

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR, or is neutral
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 0 to 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Ap horizon, where present:
Thickness: less than 10 cm (4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: extremely acid to moderately acid

In some pedons the A and E horizons are mixed together.

Bhs horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bs horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6; value and chroma of 2 or 3 do not occur together
Texture: sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

E' horizon and E part of the E and Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt part of the E and Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loamy sand or sand; individual lamellae vary in thickness from 4 mm to 5 cm (1/4 to 2 inches); total accumulation within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches) is less than 15 cm (6 inches)
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

C horizon, where present within the control section:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand or loamy sand; thin strata 2 to 8 cm thick of gravelly sand occur in some pedons
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Blue Lake, Lindquist series, and McMillan series. Blue Lake soils have an accumulation of lamellae within a depth of 203 cm that is more than 15 cm (6 inches). Lindquist soils do not have Bhs horizons. McMillan soils have more than 30 percent silt in the upper part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Islandlake soils are on outwash plains, kames, end moraines, stream terraces, and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in sandy glaciofluvial deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 813 mm (27 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 6.1 to 8.3 degrees C (43 to 47 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Au Gres, Blue Lake, Croswell, Kalkaska, and Southwells soils. The well drained Southwells and Blue Lake soils are on similar landscape positions. The Kalkaska soils do not have lamellae in the lower part of the subsoil and are on similar landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Au Gres soils and the moderately well drained Croswell soils are on outwash plains and are on slightly lower landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to low depending on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high.

USE AND VEGETATION: A large part is in forestland. Forest vegetation consist chiefly of sugar maple, American beech, black cherry, American basswood, and bigtooth aspen. Some areas are in pasture, cropland, or idle cropland. The principal crops grown are small grain, hay and potatoes. Small areas of Christmas trees plantations are also present.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 94A and 96 in northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kalkaska County, Michigan, 1994.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 13 cm (Oe, A, and E horizons).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 5 to 13 cm (E horizon).
Spodic horizon: from a depth of 13 to 69 cm (Bhs, Bs1 and Bs2 horizons).
Lamellic feature: presence of lamellae from a depth of 132 to 203 cm (E and Bt horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0738.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.