LOCATION JAMESTOWN IN

Established Series
Rev. RAB-SFF-TRZ
11/2021

JAMESTOWN SERIES

The Jamestown series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in recent alluvium over till on flood plains. They are deep or very deep to dense till. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Jamestown silt loam, occasionally flooded, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 318 meters (807 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap1--0 to 13 cm (5 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2--13 to 28 cm (5 to 11 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine to medium interstitial and tubular pores with moderate continuity; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 18 to 30 cm (7 to 12 inches).]

Bw--28 to 48 cm (11 to 19 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) spherical iron-manganese masses throughout; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1--48 to 71 cm (19 to 28 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) spherical iron-manganese masses throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2--71 to 84 cm (28 to 33 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) spherical iron-manganese masses throughout; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw or Bg horizon is 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).]

2BC1--84 to 112 cm (33 to 44 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) spherical iron-manganese masses throughout; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2BC2--112 to 132 cm (44 to 52 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 6 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2BC horizon is 10 to 25 inches.)

3Cd1--132 to 173 cm (52 to 68 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; very firm; many medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3Cd2--173 to 203 cm (68 to 80 inches); gray (N 5/) loam; massive; very firm; common medium faint greenish gray (10Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1 mile northwest of Wakarusa; 860 feet east and 240 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 26, T. 36 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Wakarusa, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 32 minutes 2 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 2 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 580407 easting and 4598481 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 18 to 33 percent clay and 15 to 45 percent fine sand or coarser

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

Bw or Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

2BC or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sandy loam in the upper part and loamy sand in the lower part; the range also includes fine sandy loam, fine sand, or sand; texture usually becomes coarser with depth. Subhorizons of loamy sand or coarser are present in all pedons.
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

3Cd horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y, or N
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 0 to 6
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Mill series. Mill soils have a Bg/E horizon that is more acidic than slightly acid in the upper part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Jamestown soils are on narrow, low lying flood plains in areas of Wisconsinan glaciation. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Jamestown soils formed in recent alluvium over dense till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1067 mm (32 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 11.1 degrees C (50 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is 177 to 466 meters (580 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Brookston, Sloan, Southwest, and Waterford soils. The poorly drained Brookston soils formed in till and are on higher lying footslopes adjacent to dissected till plains and moraines. The very poorly drained Sloan soils are in backswamps and have a mollic epipedon. The poorly drained Southwest soils have a buried soil and are on toeslopes adjacent to dissected till plains, moraines, and terraces. The somewhat poorly drained Waterford soils are on natural levees and higher lying flood-plain steps.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part of the solum and high or very high in the lower part, and moderately low or low in the underlying dense till. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and moderately rapid or rapid in the lower part, and slow or very slow in the underlying dense till. These soils are occasionally flooded for brief duration.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are dominantly used for growing corn and soybeans. Some areas are in forest or pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111C in northern Indiana. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (11 inches) (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 84 cm (11 to 33 inches) (Bw and Bg horizons).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below a depth of 28 cm (11 inches).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124278 represents the typical pedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S95IN-039-006) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T94IN-039-045) for the typical pedon is on file at the MLRA project office in Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 80 percent Jamestown and 20 percent Brookston soils.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.