LOCATION KAINA                   MT

Tentative Series
Rev. PHO-JMS-RJS
05/2017

KAINA SERIES

The Kaina series consists of very deep, well drained soils that form in colluvium and till derived from mixed metasedimentary rock. These soils occur on cirque platforms, cirque headwalls, glacial-valley walls and moraines. Slopes are 30 to 80 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1,475 mm, and mean annual air temperature is about 3.0 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, nonacid Typic Cryorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Kaina extremely gravelly sandy loam, in coniferous forest. This pedon described on a 45 percent slope at 1,817 meters elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Oi--0 to 4 cm; slightly decomposed organic litter.

A--4 to 14 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) extremely gravelly sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, and common medium roots; common fine irregular pores; 70 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, 2 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear smooth boundary.

C--14 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine irregular pores; 60 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, 2 percent stones and 1 percent boulders; moderately acid (pH 5.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Glacier County, Montana; 825 meters south and 130 meters east of the NW corner of Sec. 12, T. 31 N, R. 14 W; Mount Rockwell topographic quadrangle; Latitude - 48 degrees, 27 minutes, 42 seconds north; Longitude - 113 degrees, 22 minutes, 39 seconds west, NAD 1983.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature -- 1.0 to 5.0 degrees C.
Particle-size control section -- averages 8 to 18 percent clay

Oi horizon
Thickness: 2 to 6 cm

A horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 2.5YR dry or moist
Value: 4 to 6 dry; 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4 dry or moist
Clay content: 8 to 20 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 85 percent--35 to 65 percent gravel; 0 to 15 percent cobbles; 0 to 5 percent stones; 0 to 3 percent boulders
Reaction: pH 5.2 to 6.8
Thickness: 6 to 17 cm

C horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 2.5YR dry or moist
Value: 5 to 7 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture, less than 2mm fraction: loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 45 to 85 percent--40 to 70 percent gravel; 0 to 15 percent cobbles; 0 to 5 percent stones; 0 to 3 percent boulders
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.8

COMPETING SERIES:
Bracos (NM) -- are moderately deep to a lithic contact
Gralic (NV) -- mean annual precipitation is less than 1,200 mm
Jackmore (NV) -- have a xeric moisture regime

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - cirque platforms, cirque headwalls, glacial-valley walls and moraines
Elevation -- 1,250 to 2,300 meters
Slope -- 30 to 80 percent
Parent material -- colluvium and till derived from mixed metasedimentary rock
Climate -- long, cold winters; moist springs; short warm summers
Mean annual precipitation -- 1,000 to 2,450 mm
Mean annual air temperature -- 0.0 to 4.0 degrees C.
Frost-free period -- 30 to 70 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained and 10 to 50 um/sec.

USE AND VEGETATION: Kaina soils are used mainly for recreation and wildlife habitat. Vegetation is dominated by beardtongue, silverleaf phacelia, mountain agoseris, columbine, rockcress, Scouler's St. Johnswort, shortstalked sedge and dwarf fireweed.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kaina soils are of moderate extent in northwestern Montana. MLRA 43A and 43B.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.

SERIES PROPOSED: Glacier National Park area in Glacier County, Montana, 2015. The series name is derived from a local landmark.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon -- from 0 to 14 cm (Oi, A horizons)
Particle-size control section -- from 29 to 104 cm (part of the C horizon).

Kaina soils have a cryic temperature regime and an udic moisture regime.

Taxonomic version: Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.