LOCATION KALAUPAPA               HI

Established Series
Rev. RCH/HHS/MRK
09/2019

KALAUPAPA SERIES

The Kalaupapa series consists of shallow, well drained soils that formed in material weathered from volcanic ash overlying pahoehoe lava. Kalaupapa soils are on ash fields on pahoehoe lava flows and have slopes of 3 to 25 percent. The mean annual rainfall is about 1143 millimeters (45 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 23 degrees C. (74 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial, amorphic, isohyperthermic Lithic Haplustands

TYPICAL PEDON: Kalaupapa very stony silty clay loam - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")

A--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) medial silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) dry; strong fine and medium granular structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; 7 percent gravel, 3 percent cobbles, and 2 percent stones on the surface; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 15 centimeters thick)

Bw--15 to 36 centimeters (6 to 14 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) medial silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) dry; massive parting to weak, fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; 7 percent gravel and 2 percent stones; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 31 centimeters thick)

2R--36 centimeters (14 inches); hard pahoehoe lava.

TYPE LOCATION: Kalawao County, Island of Molokai, Hawaii; Kalaupapa Peninsula; lat. 21 degrees 11 minutes 28 seconds N. and long. 156 degrees 57 minutes 42 seconds W. Approximately 1/4 mile north of the old slaughterhouse and 30 feet east of the Pipeline road.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to pahoehoe bedrock is typically about 36 centimeters (14 inches) and ranges from 15 to 46 centimeters (6 to 18 inches). The mean annual soil temperature is about 23 degrees C. (74 degrees F.) The A and B horizon ranges from silty clay loam to silt loam. Hue of the solum is 10YR or 7.5YR. It is slightly to moderately sticky and plastic.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Kalaupapa soils are at elevations from 8 to 121 meters (25 to 400 feet). Slope is 3 to 25 percent. Pahoehoe lava outcrops are common. The soils are on ash fields and formed in a thin mantle of volcanic ash over pahoehoe lava. The annual rainfall is 889 to 1270 millimeters (35 to 50 inches.) The average January temperature is about 22 degrees C. (71 degrees F.); the average July temperature is about 24 degrees C. (76 degrees F.); and the mean annual temperature is about 23 degrees C. (74 degrees F.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Haleiwa and Jaucas soils. Haleiwa soils are more than 60 inches deep and have a silty clay control section. Jaucas soils are sandy soils developed from coral and sea shells.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for pasture and wildlife. Present vegetation is lantana (Lantana camara), guava (Psidium guajava), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), kukaipuaa (Panicum pruriens), joee (Stachytarpheta cayennensis), mao (Gossypium tomentosum), and Java plum (Eugenia cumini).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kalaupapa Peninsula, Island of Molokai, Hawaii. This soil not extensive and is about 1,360 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Molokai-Lanai Soil Survey Area, Kalawao County, Hawaii, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this peon are:
Andic soil properties - 0 to 36 centimeters (A and Bw horizons)
Mollic epipedon - 0 to 15 centimeters (A horizon)
Cambic horizon - 15 to 36 centimeters (Bw horizon)
Lithic contact - at 36 centimeters (2R horizon)

Edit log- 5/19 MRK. Competing series updated and other minor edits.
8/00 HHS. Changed classification from Medial, isohyperthermic Lithic Eutrandpets.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.