LOCATION KALLIS MT
Established Series
Rev. EMR/JMS/RJS
07/2013
KALLIS SERIES
The Kallis series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils that formed in coarse grained colluvium derived from granite. These soils are on mountain slopes, hills, and escarpments. Slopes are 4 to 45 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 432 mm, and mean annual air temperature is about 5 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Haplustepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Kallis very gravelly coarse sandy loam, in sparsely forested rangeland on a 32 percent slope at 1,244 meters elevation (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
A--0 to 13 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine and medium irregular pores; 30 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 17 cm thick)
Bw--13 to 36 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine irregular pores; 35 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 32 cm thick)
C1--36 to 82 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. (22 to 136 cm thick)
C2--82 to 152 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 50 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Grayhorse Creek quadrangle, Ravalli County, Montana; 175 meters north and 420 meters west of the SE corner of section 12, T. 9 N., R. 19 W. UTM NAD 83 Zone 12: 275632e, 5158848n.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 5 to 8 degrees C
Depth to cambic horizon - 8 to 17 cm
Depth to sandy-skeletal material - 23 to 49 cm
Horizon fragments are typically subangular and indurated.
A horizon
Value: 4 to 6 dry; 3 to 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture: coarse sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 16 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 50 percent--0 to 50 percent gravel, 0 to 30 percent cobbles and stones
Reaction: pH 6.0 to 7.0
Bw horizon
Value: 5 or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: coarse sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 4 to 14 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 50 percent--15 to 40 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.8
C horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: loamy coarse sand or coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent--20 to 65 percent gravel, 10 to 25 percent cobbles, and 0 to 10 percent stones
Reaction: pH 5.6 to 6.7
COMPETING SERIES:
Chereete (MT) - do not have more than 35 percent rock fragments in the surface horizon and upper part of the subsoil; have rounded and subrounded rock fragments
Losthorse (MT) - have an E horizon; are strongly acid to moderately acid
Totelake (MT) - are neutral to slightly alkaline
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - mountain slopes, hills, and escarpments
Elevation - 1,130 to 1,805 meters
Slope - 4 to 45 percent
Parent material - colluvium
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers
Mean annual precipitation - 406 to 559 mm
Mean annual temperature - 4 to 7 degrees centigrade
Frost-free period - 70 to 105 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained; moderately rapid permeability to a depth of 36 centimeters and rapid below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Kallis soils are used mainly for forested rangeland dominated by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kallis soils are of small extent in valleys of western Montana. MLRA 44A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bitterroot Valley Area, Montana, 2013; proposed in Ravalli County, Montana, 2012.
REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 13 cm (A horizon)
Cambic horizon - from 13 to 36 cm (Bw horizon)
Particle-size control section - from 25 to 100 cm (part of the Bw, C1, and part of the C2 horizons)
Kallis soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.