LOCATION KALMIA NC+AL AR FL LA SC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Kalmia loamy sand-cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
E--8 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 14 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; few clay bridging between sand grains; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--14 to 27 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, nonplastic; common fine and medium pores; few thin discontinuous clay films; few fine flakes of mica; 2 percent, by volume quartz pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 8 to 36 inches.)
BC--27 to 32 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, nonplastic; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron and few medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; 3 percent, by volume fine quartz pebbles; common lenses and pockets of sandy loam and loamy sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
2C--32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; few streaks of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; single grain; loose; many medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3), very pale brown (10YR 7/3), and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; 10 percent, by volume fine quartz pebbles; 10 percent coarse sand pockets at 52 inches; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Scotland County, North Carolina; 4.0 miles north of Maxton on county road l407, 0.3 mile east of Laurinburg-Maxton Airbase hangar.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of the Argillic horizon: 5 to 19 inches
Depth to the base of the Argillic horizon: 18 to 40 inches
Depth to contrasting soil material (lithologic discontinuity): 20 to 40 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 40 to 72 inches or more, December to April
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 15 percent, by volume; mostly quartz pebbles
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, except where limed
Other Features: None to common flakes of mica
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1 to 3, or is neutral with value of 4 to 6
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
E horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
BE horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam or loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
BC horizon or B/C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture--sandy clay loam, loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 3 or 4
Texture--loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron or clay depletions in shades of gray
Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture--loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron or clay depletions in shades of gray
2C horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron or clay depletions in shades of gray
2Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron or clay depletions in shades of gray
COMPETING SERIES:
No known series in the same family.
Maxton soils--with redder hue in the Bt horizon, in subactive family
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep or very deep, none to transitory
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None or rare for very brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to low
Permeability: Moderate
Landscape: Lower to upper coastal plain, river valleys
Landform: stream terraces
Geomorphic Component: Treads, risers
Parent Material: Loamy over sandy alluvium, fluviomarine deposits, marine deposits
Elevation: 25 to 300 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 38 to 52 inches
Frost Free Period: 190 to 245 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Johns soils--are somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained, on slightly lower landform positions
Kempsville soils--have thicker sola, on higher landform positions
Maxton soils--have redder hue in the Bt horizon, in subactive family
Lumbee soils--are poorly drained, on similar landforms
Pactolus soils--are moderately well to somewhat poorly drained, sandy throughout, on similar landforms
Suffolk soils--have thicker sola and are in a fine-loamy family, on slightly higher landforms
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep or very deep, none to transitory
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None or rare for very brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to low
Permeability: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cleared and cultivated
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, cotton, peanuts, tobacco, and truck crops. Where wooded--commonly loblolly pines, including mixed hardwoods (yellow-poplar, sweetgum, southern red oak), and American holly.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Autauga County, Alabama; 1908.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 12 inches (the Ap and E horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 12 to 27 inches (the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0074 KALMIA 0-6 57-70 190-245 38-52 25-300 NC0137 KALMIA 0-6 57-70 190-245 38-52 25-300SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0074 NONE RARE 6.0-6.0 - >80 - NC0137 NONE 3.3-6.0 APPARENT DEC-APR >80 -
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0074 0-14 LS LFS 0-0 95-100 4-12 1-3 NC0074 0-14 SL FSL 0-0 95-100 10-15 1-4 NC0074 14-32 SCL L SL 0-0 95-100 18-35 2-4 NC0074 32-60 LS S 0-0 95-100 2-10 0-1 NC0137 0-22 LS LFS FSL 0-0 95-100 4-12 1-3 NC0137 22-34 SCL 0-0 95-100 18-35 2-4 NC0137 34-72 LS S 0-0 95-100 2-10 0-1
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0074 0-14 4.5-6.0 0.5-2.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW NC0074 0-14 4.5-6.0 0.5-2.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW NC0074 14-32 4.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0074 32-60 4.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 6.0-20 LOW NC0137 0-22 4.5-6.0 0.5-2.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW NC0137 22-34 4.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0137 34-72 4.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 6.0- 20 LOW