LOCATION KANAWHA WV+OH
Established Series
DJB, SLH/Rev. MDJ
10/2014
KANAWHA SERIES
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kanawha fine sandy loam in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 30 cm thick)
BA--23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)
Bt1--41 to 71 cm (16 to 28 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; common clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--71 to 112 cm (28 to 44 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; common clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 31 to 122 cm thick)
BC--112 to 132 cm (44 to 52 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 46 cm thick)
C--132 to 165 cm (52 to 65 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; massive; friable; few roots; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION:
County: Kanawha
State: West Virginia
USGS Quadrangle: Alum Creek, West Virginia
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 38.3221944 N
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): -81.8478056 W
Directions to the pedon: 100 feet west of Coal River and 1/4 mile north of Mannens Branch near the Lincoln County line.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 69 to 147 cm (27 to 58 inches)
Solum Thickness: 102 to 183 cm (40 to 72 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 203 cm (80 inches)
Depth Class: Very deep
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Typically greater than 183 cm (72 inches), but can be as shallow as 132 cm (52 inches), January through May
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 14 percent, by volume, in the Ap horizon, 0 to 20 percent, by volume, in individual subhorizons of the B horizon, and 0 to 60 percent, by volume, in the C horizon
Soil Reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid in the Ap, BA, and upper part of the Bt horizon and moderately acid through neutral in the lower Bt, the BC, and C horizons, except where limed
Fine-Earth Fraction: Averages 18 to 35 percent clay and 23 to 55 percent sand in the particle size control section
Range of Individual Horizons:
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR through 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
BA, Bt, and BC horizons:
Color--hue of 10YR through 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam
C horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR through 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam; some pedons are stratified and may contain strata of loamy sand
Redoximorphic Features (if they occur)--low chroma iron depletions and high chroma iron concentrations
COMPETING SERIES:
Amanda soils--have less sand in the lower part of the solum and have crystalline rock fragments of glacial origin in the series control section
Belmont soils--have a lithic contact within a depth of 152 cm
Chili soils--have more sand in the lower part of the solum and have crystalline rock fragments of glacial origin in the series control section
Hickory soils--have crystalline rock fragments of glacial origin in the series control section
There are 34 total competing series but ones not listed are geographically distant.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 124, 125, 126, 127
Landscape: Valleys
Landform: High floodplain and/or low stream terrace
Geomorphic Component: Tread
Hillslope Profile Position: Toeslope, footslope
Parent Material Origin: Interbedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone
Parent Material Kind: Alluvium
Slope: 0 to 15 percent
Elevation: 158 to 329 meters
Frost-free period: 154 to 184 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 8 to 13 degrees C.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 940 to 1346 millimeters
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Allegheny soils--occur on higher terraces
Chagrin soils--occur on lower, flood-prone positions of the landscape
Holly soils--occur on lower, flood-prone positions of the landscape
Huntington soils--occur on lower, flood-prone positions of the landscape
Guyan soils--occur on similar landscape positions, but where the surface is concave
Lobdell soils--occur on lower, flood-prone positions of the landscape
Monongahela soils--occur on higher terraces
Sensabaugh soils--are on alluvial fans and along narrow drainageways
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep or very deep (>1.0 m) and common (present 3-6 months)
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible through medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high or high
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderate
Shrink-Swell Class: Low
Flooding Frequency and Duration: Rare; Very brief or brief
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Hay, pasture, cropland, and urban land
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, soybeans, and small grains. Where wooded--chiefly mixed hardwoods; oak, maple, yellow-poplar, and sycamore.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: West Virginia and Ohio
Extent: Moderate, approximately 34,000 acres at the time of this revision
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kanawha County, West Virginia, 1976.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 41 cm (Ap and BA horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 41 to 112 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 150 cm
This edit updates the 09/2003 revision by DVH-JCL
________________________________________
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.