LOCATION KAPOD UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kapod very cobbly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for air-dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 15 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak thick platy and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and few medium roots; about 50 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 28 cm thick)
A2--15 to 33 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) extremely cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and few medium roots; about 60 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 to 10 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)
Bt1--33 to 46 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely cobbly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; many thin clay films on faces of peds; slight effervescence; about 70 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.1); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 15 cm thick)
Bt2--46 to 79 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; common thin clay films on faces of peds; about 70 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (18 to 33 thick)
Bk--79 to 132 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) extremely gravelly loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; about 70 percent gravel; violent effervescent; carbonates are in veins; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear wavy boundary. (18 to 89 cm thick)
C--132 to 168 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; 50 percent gravel; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7).
TYPE LOCATION: Box Elder County, Utah; about 2 miles west of Garland Cemetery; 1,600 feet south and 160 feet west of the north 1/4 corner, sec. 29, T. 12 N., R. 3 W., SLBM; USGS Riverside, Utah 7.5 minute quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 45 minutes 2 seconds N and longitude 112 degrees 12 minutes 8 seconds W; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in winter and spring and continuously dry in all parts for significant periods in summer and fall; xeric soil moisture regime bordering aridic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8.0 to 10.5 degrees C.
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 25 to 50 cm.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 50 to 85 cm.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: 20 to 35 percent.
Rock fragment content: 35 to 75 percent.
A horizon
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Rock fragment content: 15 to 60 percent.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Bt horizon
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 to 4.
Texture: Sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, or loam.
Modifiers: Very cobbly, very gravelly, extremely gravelly or extremely cobbly.
Rock fragment content: 35 to 75 percent.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent through strongly effervescent in the lower parts
Ped and void surface features: few to continuous and thin to moderately thick clay films on faces of peds.
Bk and C horizons
Values: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 to 4.
Texture: Loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
Modifiers: Extremely gravelly, very gravelly or very cobbly.
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent.
Rock fragment content: 35 to 70 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent through violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent in the Bk horizon (some pedons are weakly cemented).
Electrical conductivity (EC): 0 to 2 mmhos/cm.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Butterfield , Red Butte, Schuelke and Tannahill series.
Butterfield and Schuelke soils have a lithic contact between depths of 50 to 100 cm. Red Butte soils have a depth to the calcic of 33 to 50 cm and depth to base of Bt is 33 to 50 cm. Tannahill soils are 100 to 150 cm deep to basalt bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Kapod soils are at elevations of 1,370 to 2,070 meters. Slopes are 2 to 50 percent. The soils occur on fan remnants, mountain slopes, hills and lake terraces formed in alluvium and colluvium derived dominantly from sandstone, quartzite and limestone. The climate is dry subhumid. The average annual precipitation is 300 to 400 mm. Mean annual temperature is 7.0 to 11.0 degrees C, and the freeze-free period is 100 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Birdow, DeJarnet, Forsgren, Kidman, Parleys, Timpanogos and Yeates Hollow soils and the competing Bingham and Middle soils. Birdow and DeJarnet soils have a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm thick and lack argillic horizons. Forsgren soils have clay argillic horizons. Kidman soils have fine sandy loam control sections with less than 20 percent gravel. Parleys soils have clay loam argillic horizons and lack coarse fragments. Timpanogos soils have silt loam or loam argillic horizons and lack coarse fragments. Yeates Hollow soils have clay argillic horizons and have more than 35 percent coarse fragments.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to very high runoff; moderate permeability; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing. Small acreages of this soil near Tooele are used for non-irrigated alfalfa. The native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, Indian ricegrass, Great Basin wildrye, bitterbrush, western wheatgrass, and big sagebrush. In Utah this series is correlated with upland range sites.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and Central Utah. This soil is moderately extensive. MLRA 25 and 28A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Box Elder County, East Box Elder Soil Survey Area, Utah, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 46 cm. (A1, A2 and Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon - The zone from 33 to 79 cm. (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Calcic horizon - The zone from 79 to 132 cm. (Bk horizon)
Particle-size control section - The zone from 33 to 79 cm. (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)