LOCATION KAWAIHAPAI              HI

Established Series
Rev. SN/MRK
03/2017

KAWAIHAPAI SERIES

The Kawaihapai series consists of well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from basic igneous rock. Kawaihapai soils are in drainageways and on alluvial fans on the coastal plains and have slopes of 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual rainfall is about 889 millimeters (35 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 23 degrees C. (73 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, isohyperthermic Cumulic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kawaihapai clay loam - irrigated sugarcane. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")

Ap1--0 to 31 centimeters (0 to 12 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) moist; weak medium and coarse granular structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many fine and very fine roots; common fine tubular and interstitial pores; about 5 percent gravel; moderate effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 31 centimeters {6 to 12 inches} thick)

Ap2--31 to 56 centimeters (12 to 22 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderate effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.3); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters {6 to 10 inches} thick)

2C1--56 to 81 centimeters (22 to 32 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderate effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual smooth boundary. (20 to 25 centimeters (8 to 10 inches) thick)

2C2--81 to 56 centimeters (32 to 54 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common fine tubular pores; stratified bands of sand, silt and gravel, moderate effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.0).

TYPE LOCATION: Honolulu County, Hawaii; Waipahu quadrangle 21 degrees 24' 14.68" north latitude and 157 degrees 58' 58.03'' west longitude. 1.1 km (0.9 mile) toward Wahiawa from Pearl City on the Kamehameha Highway, north toward Waiawa Stream for 0.5 km (0.45 mile) to road intersection, 121 meters (400 feet) from intersection, 6.1 meters (20 feet) north and 3 meters (10 feet) east of road.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature is about 23 degrees C. (73 degrees F.) There is less than 20 percent coarse fragments throughout the soil profile. The surface can be stony to very stony.

A horizon
Hue of 5YR through 10YR
Value of 2 or 3 moist
Chroma of 2 or 3
It is clay loam or silty clay loan and their gravelly or stony counterparts.

C horizon
Textures is strongly stratified and range from sandy loam to silty clay loam, but average 18 to 35 clay in the particle size control section.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Pulehu series. Pulehu soils have a semiactive clay activity class and do not effervesce with hydrogen peroxide below the A horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kawaihapai soils are in stream valleys and on alluvial fans at elevations from sea level to 533 m (1,750 feet). Slopes are most commonly 2 to 6 percent, but range from 0 to 15 percent. The soils formed in alluvium washed from humid uplands where the soils formed in residuum weathered from basic igneous rocks. Mean annual rainfall is 762 to 1524 millimeters (30 to 60 inches). The average January temperature is about 21 degrees C. (70 degrees F.), average July temperature is 24 degrees C. (76 degrees F.), and the mean annual temperature is about 23 degrees C. (73 degrees F.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Waialua soils and the competing Haleiwa soils. Waialua soils have a very-fine textured control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff, depending on slope; moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: small areas are in truck crops and pasture. Natural vegetation is kiawe (Prosopis pallida), feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata), bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata), lantana (Lantana camara), koa-haole (Leucaena glauca), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and guava (Psidium guajava).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Islands of Molokai and Oahu, Hawaii. The series is about 7,600 acres in extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1949. OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 3/78.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.