LOCATION KETLAND WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Andic Oxyaquic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Ketland very gravelly medial loam - forestland, on a 50 percent southeasterly aspect at an elevation of 1,200 feet in a western hemlock/salal-swordfern plant association. (When described on January 2, 1995, the soil was moist throughout. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
A--2 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very gravelly medial loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak very fine and fine granular and weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 45 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.6); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Bw1--7 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) extremely gravelly medial loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 50 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 13 inches thick)
Bw2--21 to 34 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--34 to 45 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) dry; weak very fine, fine, and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine irregular pores; 55 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bw4--45 to 55 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries in the matrix; 55 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 35 to 55 inches thick)
Cd--55 to 62 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) extremely gravelly sandy loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; massive; hard, brittle, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation with clear boundaries in the matrix; few fine and medium distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry irregularly shaped iron depletions with clear boundaries in the matrix; 50 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Clallam County, Washington, about 1.5 miles north-northeast of North Point, about 2200 feet east and 880 feet north of the southwest corner of Section 12, T. 30 N., R. 11 W. (Latitude 48 degrees, 06 minutes, 21 seconds N., Longitude 124 degrees, 03 minutes, 39 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature is 47 to 52 degrees F. These soils are usually moist, and are dry 30 to 45 consecutive days in the soil moisture control section. Depth to dense till is 40 to 60 inches. The upper 7 to 20 inches of the solum has moist bulk density of 0.90 to 1.00 g/cc and acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one half iron of 1.0 and 2.0 percent. The particle-size control section has 40 to 80 percent rock fragments by volume, less than 60 percent sand and clay content of 10 to 18 percent throughout the solum. Depth to low chroma depletions or redox concentrations is 35 to 50 inches. Depth to a perched water table is 30 to 40 inches for over 30 cumulative days (Oxyaquic). Base saturation is 35 to 50 percent throughout the solum.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR moist and dry, value of 3 or 4 moist and 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist. It has 4 to 7 percent organic matter.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y moist and dry, value of 3 or 4 moist and 5 or 6 dry, and chroma of 3 to 6 moist. It is extremely gravelly loam, extremely gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly loam, or very gravelly sandy loam. It has 1 to 6 percent organic matter. It is moderately or slightly acid..
The Cd horizon has value of 5 or 6 dry and chroma of 3 or 4 moist. It is extremely gravelly sandy loam, extremely gravelly loamy sand, or very gravelly sandy loam. Moist bulk density is 1.50 to 2.00 g/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aschoff, Damewood, Hava, Hoodview, Indianpass, Nicklund, Nordby and Sahalie series. Damewood and Indianpass soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock. Nicklund soils are 20 to 40 inches to dense till. Hoodview and Nordby soils are over 60 inches deep. Ashcoff soils have an umbric epipedon and lack the densic material. Sahalie soils lack the densic material. Hava soils are on ground moraines and have over 60 percent sand in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Ketland soils are on mountain slopes. Slopes are 15 to 50 percent. The soils formed in continental glacial till. Elevations are 900 to 1,600 feet. Average annual precipitation is 80 to 100 inches. Average annual temperature is 48 to 50 degrees F. The frost-free season is 160 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the Indianpass soil. Indianpass soils are on glaciated mountain slopes and are well drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; moderately rapid over slow permeability. Ketland soils have a perched zone of saturation above the dense till from November through April.
USE AND VEGETATION: Timber production, wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, western hemlock, salal, western swordfern, and Oregon-grape.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Clallam County, Washington; MLRA 1. Series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clallam County, Washington, 2000; Olympic National Forest.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are the following:
Ochric epipedon
Andic subgroup properties - 2 to 21 inches (A and Bw1 subhorizons)
Cambic horizon - 7 to 55 inches (A, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and Bw4 subhorizons)
Densic contact - 55 to 62 inches (Cd layer)
PSCS - 12 to 42 inches (Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 subhorizons)
Oxyaquic subgroup criteria is also met.
All depths to diagnostic horizons and other features are measured from the top of the first mineral horizon.