LOCATION KICKAPOO WI+KY MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Typic Udifluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Kickapoo fine sandy loam - on a 1 percent slope in a pasture at an elevation of about 820 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
C1--5 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) weakly stratified fine sand and fine sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; very friable; many earthworm holes and casts; common fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
C2--14 to 36 inches, brown (10YR 4/3), very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam with thin strata of silt and sand; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulations below 30 inches; weak thick platy structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizons ranges from 17 to 39 inches.)
Ab--36 to 41 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam; many fine faint and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
C--41 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), brown (10YR 5/3), and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt with strata of fine sand, fine sandy loam, and loam; many medium faint and distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; weak thick plates with tendency to part along textural strata; friable; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Vernon County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile west of La Farge; 2,100 feet east and 150 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 13 N., R. 2 W. or 100 feet east of bridge across Otter Creek and 150 feet south of road along north side of sec. 30.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soil typically is slightly acid or neutral, but ranges to mildly alkaline or strongly acid in some horizons. Depth to buried Ab horizon is between 20 and 40 inches. Coarse fragments consist of sandstone and dolostone.
The A horizon is very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) or very dark gray (10YR 3/1). The Ap horizon is dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dark brown (10YR 4/3), dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4), or brown (10YR 5/3). The A or Ap horizon is loam or fine sandy loam. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 15 percent.
The C horizons have 2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR hue; value of 2 through 8; and chroma of 1 through 4. They ranges from rather uniform fine sandy loam and loam that contains less than 18 percent clay to alternate layers or bands of silt, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, and loam or gravelly analogs. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 35 percent. The 10- to 40-inch control section averages between 12 and 18 percent clay and from 40 to 70 percent fine sand and coarser.
The Ab horizon is very dark brown (10YR 2/2), very dark gray (10YR 3/1), or very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2). It typically is silt loam, but in some pedons it is silty clay loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Gravel content ranges form 0 to 15 percent. Below a depth of 2 feet the soil commonly contains few to many medium distinct mottles of 2.5Y, 10YR, or 7.5YR hue; value of 3 through 6; and chroma of 1 through 6. Some pedons, however, are without mottling. In some pedons, stratified loose sand is below a depth of 3 feet.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Belfast, Colvard, and Wirt series in the same family and the Arenzville, Carr, Caryville, Chaseburg, Dorchester, Judson, Landes, Pope, Terril, and Worthen series. Belfast, Colvard, and Wirt soils do not have an Ab horizon at a depth between 20 and 40 inches. Arenzville and Chaseburg soils are coarse-silty. Carr soils have a calcareous series control section. Caryville soils are sandy and have redder hues. Dorchester soils are fine-silty and calcareous. Judson and Worthen soils are fine-silty and cumulic. Landes soils have mollic epipedons. Pope soils have a more acid series control section. Terril soils are fine-loamy and have mollic epipedons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kickapoo soils are typically on flood plains of streams. Many areas of the soil are on natural levees near stream channels and old oxbows. The topography is nearly level or gently undulating and slope gradients are less than 6 percent. The soils formed in loamy alluvium of mixed mineralogical composition. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 45 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 44 to 57 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Arenzville, Chaseburg, Judson, Terril, and Worthen soils and the Huntsville soils. Arenzville and Huntsville soils are in similar positions in the flood plain. Huntsville soils have mollic epipedons and contain more silt. Chaseburg soils are in narrower and more sloping flood plains of small tributary streams. Judson, Terril, and Worthen soils are typically on foot slopes and alluvial fans.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is moderately slow or slow. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid in the upper part and moderate in the lower part. Apparent water table is at 3.5 to 6.0 feet from October through June. Kickapoo soils are subject to occasional flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of the soil has been cleared. Where the overflow hazard is slight, it is used for growing corn, small grains, and hay. Where overflow is damaging, the soil is in pasture. A few areas are in woods. Natural vegetation was mixed hardwood forest, mainly American elm.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Principally in southwestern and central Wisconsin, northeastern Missouri, and Kentucky. Kickapoo soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Vernon County, Wisconsin, 1965.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: carbon content that decreases irregularly with depth; have texture of loamy very fine sand or finer below a depth of 25 cm but above a depth of 1 m.