LOCATION KISHWALK OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kishwalk very stony loam - on a 23 percent slope at an elevation of 2200 feet, rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) very stony loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; 20 percent stones, 10 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
BA--5 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very stony loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; 20 percent stones, 15 percent cobbles, and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 23 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very stony clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 30 percent stones, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--23 to 31 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) extremely stony clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 40 percent stones, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--31 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely stony clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; many prominent clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 50 percent stones, 20 percent cobbles, and 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 16 to 30 inches)
2R--38 inches; basalt
TYPE LOCATION: Wasco County, Oregon, about 500 feet east and 1200 feet south of the NW corner of section 27, T.8 S., R.12 E. (Warm Springs Indian Reservation). (Latitude 44 degrees, 50 minutes, 56 seconds N, Longitude 121 degrees, 18 minutes, 25 seconds E)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: These soils are usually moist, but are dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 60 to 90 consecutive days within the four months that follow the summer solstice. The mean annual soil temperature is 50 to 52 degrees F. Depth to bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section is 35 to 55 percent clay. The mollic epipedon is 20 to 35 inches thick and may include the upper part of the argillic horizon.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 1 or 2 moist and dry. It is very stony loam or very cobbly silt loam and contains 5 to 30 percent stones, 10 to 35 percent cobbles, and 10 to 20 percent gravel.
The Bt1 and Bt2 horizons have value of 3 or 4 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 2 to 4 moist and dry. It is silty clay loam or clay loam with 35 to 40 percent clay. It contains 15 to 40 percent stones, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, and 5 to 10 percent gravel.
The Bt3 horizon has value of 4 or 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and dry. It is clay or silty clay with 40 to 55 percent clay. It contains 20 to 50 percent stones, 10 to 35 percent cobbles, and 5 to 10 percent gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dosie, Drakce, Gurdane, Mallory, Tablerock, Thiessen and Zweygardt series. Dosie and Tablerock soils are greater than 40 inches to bedrock. Gurdane soils have a cambic horizon over an argillic horizon (2Bt) 5 to 13 inches thick. Mallory soils have a mean annual soil temperature of 47 to 50 degrees F. Thiessen soils have a particle-size control section containing stress oriented fabric and contain less than 15 percent stone size rock fragments. Drakce soils are deep to bedrock. Zweygardt soils are very deep.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kishwalk soils are on gently sloping to very steep side slopes of canyons. Elevation ranges from 1,800 to 4,600 feet. Slopes are 2 to 80 percent. The soil formed in colluvium derived dominantly from basalt. The climate is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 12 to 14 inches. The mean annual temperature is 48 to 50 degrees F. The frost-free period is 80 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Rockly, Sagley, Watama, and Waterbury soils. Rockly soils are on patterned ground, loamy-skeletal and are very shallow to bedrock. Sagley soils are on adjacent north-facing side slopes, are loamy-skeletal and are deep to basalt bedrock. Watama soils are on patterned ground, are fine-loamy, and are moderately deep to bedrock. Waterbury soils are on side slopes of canyons and are shallow to basalt bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is basin big sagebrush Idaho-fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber needlegrass, and antelope bitterbrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Oregon; MLRA 10. The soils of this series are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wasco County (Warm Springs Indian Reservation), Oregon, 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Pachic feature - from the surface to 31 inches (A, BA, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - from 14 to 38 inches (Bt1, Bt2,and Bt3 horizons).