LOCATION KIWANIS MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Ustifluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Kiwanis loam - grass cover. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted)
A1--0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; neutral (pH 7.0); clear boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
A2--2 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine crumb structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; neutral (pH 7.0); clear boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
C1--9 to 36 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) fine sandy loam and pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; moderate effervescence; moderately alkaline (pH 8.3); abrupt boundary. (18 to 30 inches thick)
2C2--36 to 58 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) coarse sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; single grained; loose; moderate effervescence; moderately alkaline. (10 to 30 inches thick)
2C3--58 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) gravel and sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; single grained; loose; moderate effervescence.
TYPE LOCATION: Flathead County, Montana; 1/4 mile east and 560 feet south of NW corner of sec. 28, T.29N., R.21W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Average Annual soil temperature - 42 to 47 degrees F.
Depth to sand or to gravel and sand - 20 to 40 inches.
Average summer soil temperature is 59 degrees to 64 degrees F.
A horizons
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
C1 horizon
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 3 to 6 moist, with the lower values representing thin layers of buried A horizons
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam
Clay content: 5 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: 7.4 to 8.4
2C horizons
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 5 to 7 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: coarse sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: 7.4 to 8.4
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - valley floors
Elevation - 3,000 to 5,000 feet
Slope - 0 to 9 percent
Parent material - alluvium from mixed rock sources
Climate - cool and semiarid
Average annual precipitation - 12 to 17 inches
Average annual temperature - 40 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 90 to 130 days
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for growing grain and for native grass pasture. Native vegetation is Sandberg bluegrass, needle-and-thread grass, lupine, fringed sagewort, snowberry and open stands of ponderosa pine and cottonwood trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kiwanis soils are moderately extensive in northern and western Montana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Upper Flathead Area, Montana, 1958.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: an ochric epipedon from the surface to 7 inches (A1 and part of the A2 horizon); and a lithologic discontinuity at 36 inches (2C horizon). Kiwanis soils have an ustic moisture regime and a frigid temperature regime.