LOCATION KLAK                    AK

Established Series
SAS/ABD/TJR
05/2022

KLAK SERIES

Landscape--mountains, mountain valleys, hills
Landform--mountain slopes, valley sides, hillslopes
Slope--5 to 60 percent
Parent material--volcanic ash influenced colluvium over drift
Mean annual precipitation--about 1200 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 0 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic Typic Haplocryods

TYPICAL PEDON: Klak medial silt loam on a south-southwest-facing, concave, linear mountain footslope, on a slope of 20 percent at an elevation of 249 m (The soil was moist throughout when described on August 27, 2012.)

Oe--0 to 5 cm; moderately decomposed plant material; many very fine and common fine and medium roots; extremely acid (pH 3.8); clear smooth boundary

E--5 to 10 cm; medial silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) dry, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; 10 percent subangular gravel; extremely acid (pH 3.9); clear irregular boundary

Bhs--10 to 17 cm; medial silt loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry, very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; 10 percent subangular gravel; extremely acid (pH 4.4); clear wavy boundary

2Bw1--17 to 50 cm; very gravelly fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium roots; 35 percent subrounded gravel and 5 percent subrounded cobbles; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); gradual smooth boundary

2Bw2--50 to 150 cm; extremely gravelly sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; 55 percent subrounded gravel and 8 percent subrounded cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.3)

TYPE LOCATION: Dillingham Census Area, Alaska, about 100 km north-northwest of the city of Dillingham; latitude 59.7787211 degrees north, longitude 159.4917322 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--0 to 3 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October
Lithology of rock fragments--sedimentary, volcanic

Layers influenced by volcanic ash
*Thickness--5 to 15 cm
*Phosphorous retention--40 to 100 percent
*Bulk density--0.45 to 0.9 g/cm3
*Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.4 to 4.0 percent
*Volcanic glass content--10 to 70 percent

Particle-size control section
*Clay content--4 to 15 percent
*Sand content--30 to 65 percent
*Total rock fragment content--35 to 65 percent
*Sodium fluoride pH--8.4 to 11.6
*Ratio of 1500 kPa water to measured clay--0.6 to 6.0

Oe horizon
Thickness--4 to 12 cm

E horizon
Value--4 to 6 moist, 6 to 8 dry
Chroma--1 or 2 moist
Fine-earth texture--medial silt loam, medial sandy loam
Clay content--3 to 6 percent
Reaction--3.5 to 4.7
Gravel content--0 to 15 percent
Thickness--2 to 6 cm
Bulk density--0.45 to 0.9 g/cm3
Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--0.4 to 2.0 percent
Phosphorous retention--40 to 80 percent
Organic carbon content--5 to 15 percent
Volcanic glass content--40 to 70 percent

Bhs horizon
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR
Value--2.5 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma--1 to 3 moist
Fine-earth texture--medial silt loam, medial sandy loam
Clay content--3 to 8 percent
Reaction--4.3 to 5.6
Gravel content--0 to 15 percent
Thickness--3 to 9 cm
Bulk density--0.45 to 0.70 g/cm3
Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--2.0 to 4.0 percent
Phosphorous retention--85 to 100 percent
Organic carbon content--6 to 15 percent
Volcanic glass content--10 to 50 percent

2Bw horizon
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 to 4 moist
Fine earth texture--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silt loam, loam
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Reaction--4.9 to 6.3
Total rock fragment content--20 to 75 percent
Gravel content--20 to 60 percent
Cobble content--0 to 15 percent
Combined thickness--116 to 140 cm

COMPETING SERIES:
Dinzer, Lastance, Yawning--mean annual soil temperature higher than 4 degrees C
Mt. Hood--mean annual soil temperature higher than 3 degrees C
Ypsilon-no andic soil properties in the albic or spodic horizons

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--5 to 980 m
Climate--warm, moist summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--620 to 2100 mm
Mean annual air temperature-- -3.2 to 1.8 degrees C
Frost-free period--70 to 140 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Mitlak--aquic conditions below a depth of 50 cm; mountain slopes and linear to concave plains
Nigag--no albic horizon; thicker andic soil properties; convex lower mountain slopes
Pegati--aquic conditions; swales of mountains
Pungokepuk--redoximorphic concentrations; swales of plains
Nagugun--layer of andic soil properties more than 15 cm thick; glaciated plains
Ahklun--no spodic horizon; lithic contact; upper third and center third of mountain slopes
Goodnews--no spodic horizon; no andic soil properties; lithic contact; upper third of mountain slopes

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high or high in the upper part of the profile, high or very high in the lower part

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, subsistence
Potential natural vegetation--alder, bluejoint, arctic starflower, spreading woodfern, common ladyfern

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ahklun Mountains, Alaska; MLRA 237; large extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dillingham Census Area, Alaska; 2019

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 30 to 105 cm
*Ochric epipedon
*Depth to lithologic discontinuity-top of 2Bw2 horizon
*Andic soil properties-E and Bhs horizons
*Spodic horizon--Bhs and Bs horizons
*Albic horizon--E horizon

See laboratory pedon numbers 13N44526 and 13N44527 for loamy skeletal substrate that has isotic mineralogy.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.