LOCATION KLAMATH OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive Cumulic Cryaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Klamath silty clay loam, wet meadow, on a southeast facing slope of 1 percent at 4,218 feet elevation. When described on June 26, 2003, the soil was moist to 31 inches and saturated below that point with standing water at 64 inches. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures)
A1--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine tubular and very fine irregular pores; 10 percent very fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist, iron-manganese masses; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 13 inches thick)
A2--8 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine tubular and very fine irregular pores; 10 percent very fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist, iron-manganese masses; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual smooth boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
AB--16 to 31 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; strong medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine and common fine roots; common fine tubular and many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent very fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist, iron-manganese masses; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary. (12 to 24 inches thick)
Bg--31 to 39 inches; bluish gray (5B 5/1) when oxidized and black (2.5Y 2/1) when reduced loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; strong very coarse prismatic structure parting to strong coarse prismatic; hard, firm, very weakly cemented, slightly sticky, moderately plastic; brittle; common very fine irregular pores; 5 percent fine prominent bluish gray (5B 5/1) moist, iron depletions infused into matrix along ped faces and 10 percent fine prominent black (N 2/0) moist, iron-manganese nodules throughout and 20 percent medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist, masses of oxidized iron throughout; neutral (pH 6.9); reduced matrix color changes rapidly to oxidized color upon exposure to air; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
2C1--39 to 60 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) ashy fine sandy loam, gray (2.5Y 5/1) dry; massive; slightly hard, firm, nonsticky, slightly plastic; common very fine irregular pores; 5 percent fine prominent weakly cemented black (N 2/0) moist, iron-manganese nodules throughout and 10 percent medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist, masses of oxidized iron on surfaces along root channels; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 21 inches thick)
3C2--60 to 64 inches; very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine interstitial pores; 2 percent fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist, masses of oxidized iron around rock fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.5); 45 percent subrounded gravel; color pattern is too intricate with numerous, diverse colors to credibly identify dominant matrix colors.
TYPE LOCATION: Klamath County, Oregon; About .2 miles northeast of Council Butte, north of the Sprague River; about 2100 feet north and 1800 feet west of the southeast corner section of section 10, T 36 S, R 11 E; degrees, (Latitude 42 degrees; 27 minutes, 44.09 seconds N., Longitude 121 degrees, 23 minutes, 47.18 seconds W.) Sprague River East, Oregon USGS quadrangle; 42 UTM 631839 meters E, 4702347 meters N, zone 10 NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Average annual soil temperature 44 to 47 degrees F.
Average summer soil temperature less than 55 degrees F.
Moisture control section 4 to 12 inches saturated throughout in spring and early summer
Mollic epipedon 20 to 30 inches thick with an irregular decrease in organic carbon (Cumulic)
Depth to apparent high water table 0 to 31 inches for 90 to 120 days in spring and summer
Base saturation in the mollic epipedon 75 to 100 percent (by NH4OAc)
Particle-size control section
Clay content average 25 to 35 percent
Reaction slightly acid to slightly alkaline
A horizon
Hue 10YR or 7.5YR
Value- 2 or 3 moist and 2 through 5 dry
Chroma - 0 to 2 dry and 0 to 1 moist
Texture silty clay loam, mucky silty clay loam, or silt loam
Redoximorphic features
10 to 20 percent distinct to prominent iron manganese masses
Clay content 22 to 32 percent
Coarse silt and total sand content less than 30 percent
AB horizon
Hue 10YR or 2.5 Y
Value 2 or 3 moist and 5 or 6 dry
Chroma 1 or 2 dry and 1 moist
Texture silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content 25 to 35 percent
Redoximorphic features
0 to 10 percent faint to distinct iron depletions
2 to 20 percent distinct iron manganese masses
Bg horizons
Hue - 10YR or 2.5 Y
Value - 3 to 5 moist and 5 to 7 dry
Chroma - 0 to 2 moist and dry
Texture silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content 25 to 34 percent
Redoximorphic features
2 to 10 percent faint to distinct iron depletions
5 to 20 percent distinct iron manganese masses
Cementation - very weakly cemented to noncemented
2C1 horizons
Hue 10YR, 2.5 Y, or 5Y
Value 3 to 5 moist and 5 to 7 dry
Chroma - 0 to 1 dry and moist,
Texture ashy very fine sandy loam, ashy loam, ashy fine sandy loam
Clay content 10 to 15 percent
3C2 horizons not present in all pedons
Texture - very gravelly coarse sandy loam to very gravelly loam and may be stratified in some pedons
Gravel content 35 to 55 percent
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Enochville series. Enochville soils have a mean annual soil temperature of 35 to 43 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Klamath soils are in depressions on broad flood plains at elevations of 3,900 to 5,400 feet. The soils formed in alluvium derived from diatomite and volcanic rock with minor amounts of volcanic ash and pumice derived from dacite. The climate is characterized by cold moist winters and cool dry summers. The average annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 35 inches. The average January temperature is 25 to 27 degrees F; the average July temperature is 59 to 62 degrees F; and the average annual temperature is 42 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period is 50 to 70 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dilman, Ontko and Yonna soils. Dilman soils are on adjacent stream terraces. They are poorly drained, have a mollic epipedon less than 20 inches thick, and have ashy loamy coarse sand textures at a depth of 15 inches. Ontko soils are on adjacent floodplains. They have an ochric epipedon. Yonna soils are on flood plains. They are strongly or very strongly alkaline and have ashy coarse sandy loam textures at the surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Slow permeability. The soils are frequently flooded for long durations from February to May. A seasonal high water table is at the surface to a depth of 31 inches from February to May.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for meadow and irrigated and dryland hay and pasture and wildlife habitat. The series commonly supports Baltic rush, beaked sedge, northern mannagrass, tufted hairgrass, and Rocky Mountain iris.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Basins near the southern fringe of the pumice mantled region in south-central Oregon; MLRA 6, 21. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klamath County, Oregon, 1908.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
Mollic epipedon The zone from the surface to 31 inches (A1, A2, and AB horizons).
Cambic horizon The zone from 31 to 39 inches (Bg horizon).
Particle-size control section the zone from 10 to 40 inches (Part of the A2, AB, Bg, and part of the 2C1 horizon)
Aquic conditions the zone from 0 to 31 inches (mollic) with chroma of 1 or less (A1, A2, and AB, horizons, and the zone from 31 to 64 inches with a color value, moist, of more than 4 and redoximorphic features (Bg, 2C1, and 3C2 horizons)
Although the series is associated with other series having Vitrandic surfaces, the series is not classified as Aquandic because the surface has less than 30 percent coarse silt or coarser fine earth material.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
NASIS Site ID: 03-SMM-21
NASIS Pedon ID: 03OR681021
NSSL Pedon ID SO3OR035005 001-005
Ecological site: Marshy Swale 14 - 26 PZ (R006XB015OR)
The type location was reviewed and sampled in July 2003 and the series was reclassified