LOCATION KLAWHOP OR
Tentative Series
IRD. AGG/DEW
08/2025
KLAWHOP SERIES
Landscape--Eastern Cascade mountains, Paulina mountains
Landform--lava flows, lava plains or mountain slopes
Slope--0 to 50 percent slopes
Parent Material--volcanic ash over basalt bedrock
Mean annual precipitation--740 mm
Mean annual air temperature--5.0 degrees C
Depth class--shallow
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy-skeletal, glassy Lithic Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Klawhop ashy loamy sand, forested, on a 1 percent slope at an elevation of 1317 meters. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--0 to 2 centimeters; slightly decomposed plant material; strongly acid (pH 5.5); abrupt smooth boundary.
A--2 to 14 centimeters; gray (10YR 5/1) ashy loamy sand, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine, few medium, and common fine roots throughout; many fine irregular pores; 1 percent paragravel pumice fragments and 4 percent fine gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary.
Bw--14 to 35 centimeters; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very cobbly ashy loamy sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parts to single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; few very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots around fragments; common medium irregular pores; 2 percent paragravel pumice fragments, 2 percent fine gravel, and 50 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9); abrupt irregular boundary.
2R--35 centimeters; basalt bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Deschutes County, Oregon; NW 1/4, SW 1/4 section 14, T. 20 S, R. 10 E; Latitude 43.8408840, Longitude -121.5063380, datum WGS84 (coordinates determined with a GPS).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--4.8 to 7.2 degrees C
Soil moisture--usually moist in winter and spring, dry in the moisture control section for 45 to 60 days in the 4 months following the summer solstice
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3 (slightly acid to neutral)
Depth to lithic contact--25 to 50 cm
Thickness of ash influenced layers--25 to 50 cm
Estimated properties of layers influenced by volcanic ash
Ammonium oxalate extractable Al + Fe--0.4 to 1.0 percent
1500 kPa water content (air dry)--3 to 12 percent
0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction--55 to 90 percent
Medium to very coarse sand in the .02 to 2.0 mm fraction--greater than 50 percent
Volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction--50 to 90 percent
P retention--25 to 50 percent
Particle-size control section: mineral soil surface to lithic contact
Clay content, weighted average--1 to 5 percent
Rock fragment content, weighted average--35 to 85 percent
A horizon
Hue--10YR
Value--4 to 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma--1 to 4
Fine earth texture--ashy loamy sand, ashy loamy coarse sand or ashy sandy loam
Clay--1 to 5 percent
Sand--55 to 90 percent
Organic matter--0.50 to 2.0 percent
Total rock fragment content--0 to 50 percent
Pumice paragravel--0 to 10 percent
Gravel--0 to 25 percent
Cobble--0 to 25 percent
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3 (slightly acid to neutral)
Thickness--10 to 15 cm
Bw horizon
Hue--10YR
Value--6 or 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--3 to 6 dry, 4 or 6 moist
Fine earth texture--ashy loamy sand, ashy loamy coarse sand or ashy coarse sand
Clay--1 to 5 percent
Sand--55 to 90 percent
Organic matter--0.10 to 0.50 percent
Total rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent
Pumice paragravel--0 to 10 percent
Gravel--0 to 35 percent
Cobble--35 to 65 percent
Stone--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3 (slightly acid to neutral)
Thickness--15 to 30 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Acroph--13 to 35 percent organic matter in mineral surface horizon; dry in soil moisture control section for 90 days
Sluiskin--dry in the soil moisture control section for less than 45 days following the summer solstice (udic soil moisture regime); has a cambic horizon
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--1275 to 2050 m
Climate--cold, wet winters and cool, dry summers
Mean annual precipitation--460 to 1000 mm
Mean annual air temperature--4.0 to 6.2 degrees C
Frost-free period--20 to 50 days
Lithology--ash deposit is from Mazama, underlying bedrock is likely Pleistocene age lava flows
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Norwicki--occurs on similar landforms; 50 to 100 cm to lithic contact
Steiger--occurs on lava plains and cinder cones; over 150 cm to lithic contact
Wuksi--occurs on lava plains; averages over 35 percent fragments within the particle-size control section
Shukash--occurs on lava plains; buried soil within particle-size control section
Shanahan--occurs on lava plains; buried soil within particle-size control section
Ipsoot--occurs on cinder cones; 50 to 100 cm to cinders
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage--somewhat excessively drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high to very high throughout
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--timber production, wildlife habitat
Vegetation--ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, white fir, greenleaf manzanita, antelope bitterbrush, wax currant, snowbrush ceanothus, Ross' sedge, western needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
East slopes of the Cascade Mountains in central Oregon; MLRA 06; small extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES PROPOSED:
Deschutes County, Deschutes National Forest, Oregon 2025; name from Klawhop Butte in Newberry National Volcanic Monument
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section--2 to 35 cm (A and Bw horizons)
Ochric epipedon--2 to 14 cm (A horizon)
Andic soil properties--2 to 35 cm (A and Bw horizons)
Lithic contact--35 cm
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.