LOCATION KLAYENT MT
Established Series
Rev. NRS-CCF-JCK
04/2021
KLAYENT SERIES
The Klayent series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in calcareous clayey alluvium. These soils are on flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 330 mm, and mean annual temperature is about 6.6 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Klayent clay loam, in a cultivated field on a 1 percent slope (colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 13 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium and thin platy structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine, very fine, and medium roots and few coarse roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (13 to 20 cm thick)
Bw--13 to 36 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine roots, common medium roots, and few coarse roots; many fine and very fine pores and common medium pores; 1 percent gravel; few fine masses of salt; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear irregular boundary. (13 to 56 cm thick)
Bkyz--36 to 58 cm; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay with very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on ped faces, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; few fine distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/4) redox concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and fine subangular blocky; very hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine roots and few medium roots; many fine and very fine pores and common medium pores; many fine, medium, and coarse distinct calcium carbonate masses; many fine, medium, and coarse distinct masses of gypsum and other salts; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)
Byzg--58 to 76 cm; gray (5Y 5/1) clay, gray (5Y 6/1) dry; common fine distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/4) redox concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, very sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and very fine roots and few medium roots; many fine and very fine pores and common medium pores; many medium and coarse distinct masses of gypsum and other salts; disseminated calcium carbonate; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)
Cyzg1--76 to 109 cm; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam, gray (5Y 6/1) dry; many fine and medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redox concentrations; massive; extremely hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; many fine, medium, and coarse distinct masses of gypsum and other salts; disseminated calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 51 cm thick)
Cyzg2--109 to 170 cm; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) sandy clay, greenish gray (5GY 6/1) dry; many medium and coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) redox concentrations; massive; extremely hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; common fine and medium and few coarse masses of gypsum and other salts; disseminated calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Fergus County, Montana; 671 meters west and 579 meters south of NE corner of sec. 10, T. 18 N., R. 22 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 6.6 to 8.0 degrees C
Mollic epipedon thickness - 25 to 40 cm
Depth to seasonal high water table - 30 to 60 cm
Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay
Clay content: 27 to 50 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
Some Bw horizons have few threadlike calcium carbonate masses and few fine gypsum masses.
Bkyz horizon
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 8 mmhos/cm
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
Byzg horizon
Hue: 2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 8 mmhos/cm
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
Some pedons have a Bkyzg horizon.
Cyzg horizons
Hue: 2.4Y, 5Y, or 5GY
Value: 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5, or 6 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, or sandy clay loam with thin strata of clay, loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel
Electrical conductivity: 2 to 4 mmhos/cm
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0
COMPETING SERIES:
Mckenton (MT) - do not have horizons of gypsum accumulation; have a sesonally high water table at depths less than 30 cm
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - flood plains
Elevation - 732 to 1,829 meters
Slope - 0 to 2 percent
Parent material - alluvium
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; and warm dry summers
Mean annual precipitation - 254 to 483 mm
Mean annual air temperature - 4 to 8 degrees C
Frost-free period - 70 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow permeability above the Cyzg horizons and moderately slow and moderate permeability below.
USE AND VEGETATION: The Klayent soils are used mainly for hay, pasture, and rangeland. Potential native vegetation is mainly tufted hairgrass, alkali cordgrass, green needlegrass, basin wildrye, western wheatgrass, northern reedgrass, sedges, forbs, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klayent soils are of small extent in central Montana. MLRAs 46 and 58A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fergus County, Montana, 1979.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from 0 to 36 cm (Ap and Bw horizons)
Secondary calcium carbonate accumulation - from 36 to 58 cm (Bkyz horizon)
Gypsum accumulation - from 36 to 170 cm (Bkyz, Byzg, Cyzg1, and Cyzg2 horizons)
Pedogenic salt accumulation - from 36 to 170 cm (Bkyz, Byzg, Cyzg1, and Cyzg2 horizons)
Redox concentrations - from 36 to 170 cm (Bkyz, Byzg, Cyzg1, and Cyzg2 horizons)
Strong gleying - from 58 to 170 cm (Byzg, Cyzg1, and Cyzg2 horizons)
Particle-size control section - from 25 to 100 cm (part of the Bw, Bkyz, Byzg, Cyzg1 horizons)
Klayent soils have a frigid temperature regime and an aquic moisture regime.
Gypsum accumulation in the C horizons was not recorded at the type location in 1976. This OSD needs to be investigated across the extent of the series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Record - MT0321.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.