LOCATION KLEINSCHMIDT MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kleinschmidt gravelly loam in cropland (colors are for dry unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic, many very fine and fine, and few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 25 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 8 inches thick)
A--7 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very gravelly loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine, and few medium roots; many very fine and fine pores; 35 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bw1--14 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, medium, and coarse roots, and many fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 5 percent cobbles, 40 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
Bw2--28 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; few fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) redox concentrations; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, many fine, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine pores; 10 percent cobbles, 40 percent pebbles; few faint lime casts on undersides of coarse fragments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (9 to 15 inches thick)
2Bk--37 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely cobbly loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; 35 percent cobbles, 35 percent pebbles; continuous distinct lime casts on underside of coarse fragments, disseminated lime; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Powell County, Montana; 2,600 feet south and 2,200 feet west of the NE corner of sec. 34, T. 14 N., R. 11 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 41 to 46 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 15 inches.
Depth to seasonal high water table - 24 to 42 inches.
Depth to 2Bk horizon - 30 to 48 inches.
Ap horizon - Value: 3, 4, or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, clay loam, silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 10 percent cobbles; 0 to 25 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
A horizon - Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 2, 3, or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Clay content: 15 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 20 to 50 percent--0 to 20 percent cobbles; 20 to 30 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bw horizons - Value: 4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 2, 3, 4, or 5 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent--5 to 20 percent cobbles; 30 to 40 percent pebbles
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
2Bk horizon - Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist
Chroma: 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6
Texture: sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand
Clay content: 5 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 40 to 85 percent--15 to 35 percent cobbles; 25 to 50 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans; stream terraces; glacial outwash plains.
Elevation - 3,600 to 6,200 feet.
Slope - 0 to 4 percent.
Parent material - alluvium.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 10 to 19 inches.
Mean annual temperature - 39 to 44 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 70 to 105 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Kleinschmidt soils are used for pasture, hay, and irrigated cropland. The native vegetation is mainly tall reedgrass, tufted hairgrass, basin wildrye, and shrubby cinquefoil.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Kleinschmidt soils are of small extent in southwestern Montana. MLRA 44.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Powell County, Montana 1995.
REMARKS: Soil interpretation record: MT1240. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: a mollic epipedon from the surface to 14 inches (A horizons); a cambic horizon from 14 to 37 inches (Bw horizons); a lithologic discontinuity of extremely cobbly loamy sand at a depth of 37 inches (2Bk horizon); a particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches (A, Bw, 2Bk horizons). Kleinschmidt soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime that borders on aquic.