LOCATION KLUTE AK
Established Series
Rev. MHC/JPM
05/2022
KLUTE SERIES
Depth class: very deep
Drainage class: moderately well drained or well drained
Parent material: stratified sandy and silty alluvium over sand and gravel
Landform: low stream terraces and floodplains
Slopes: 0 to 12 percent
Mean annual temperature: about 26 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: about 16 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, nonacid Typic Cryofluvents
TYPICAL PEDON: Klute very fine sandy loam - on a 0 percent slope under white spruce forest at 2450 feet elevation. (All colors are for moist soil)
Oi--0 inch to 1; black (10YR 2/1) slightly decomposed plant material; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
C1--1 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
Oe/Cb--3 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mucky peat and fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; few common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
C2--6 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) stratified sand through silt with composite texture of fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
C3--10 to 34 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) stratified fine sand through silt with composite texture of fine sandy loam; moderate thick platy structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and dark gray (5Y 4/1) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
2C--34 to 60 inches; variegated extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 60 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.5).
TYPE LOCATION: Gulkana River Area, Alaska; about 20 miles north Sourdough; the SE1/4 of the SE1/4 of section 19, T.12 N., R.2 W., Copper River Meridian.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature: 32 to 35 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature: 36 to 39 degrees F. (2 to 4 degrees C)
Upper part of the control section: stratified sand through silt with composite texture of fine sandy loam or sandy loam with less than 18 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine sand or coarser
Lower part of the control section: 40 to 75 percent total coarse fragments
Depth to sand and gravel: 12 to 40 inches
Oi/A horizon: (where present)
Color: hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 2 or 3
Texture: mixed slightly decomposed plant material and fine sandy loam
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid
A/Oe horizon: (where present)
Color: value of 2 or 3; chroma of 2 or 3
Texture: mixed silt loam and moderately decomposed plant material
Rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent rounded gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to strongly acid
A or AC horizons: (where present)
Color: hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 2 to 4; chroma of 1 to 3.
Texture: very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam or silt loam, finely stratified in many pedons
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
C horizons:
Color: hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 3 or 4; chroma of 1 to 3
Redoximorphic features (where present): few or common
Redoximorphic concentrations: hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; chroma of 4 or 6
Redoximorphic depletions: hue of 2.5Y or 5Y; chroma of 1 or 2
Dark colors: due to the high concentration of black sand grains
Texture: stratified sand through silt with composite texture of sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
2C horizon:
Color: variegated or hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 3 to 5; chroma of 1 to 3
Texture: sand or coarse sand modified by 40 to 75 percent coarse fragments, 25 to 65 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobble
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Jarvis,
Klutina,
Niklason,
Portdick, and
Tonowek series. Jarvis soils have substantial mica content. Klutina soils have calcareous substratum. Niklason soils have a presumed warmer mean annual soil temperature. Portdick and Tonowek soils have mean annual soil temperatures warmer than 36 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: stratified sandy and silty alluvium over sand and gravel
Landform: low stream terraces and floodplains
Slopes: 0 to 12 percent
Climate: subarctic continental with long, cold winters and short, warm summers
Mean annual temperature: about 26 degrees F.
Mean January temperature is minus 10 degrees F.
Mean July temperature is 56 degrees F.
Mean annual snowfall is 39 to 68 inches
Mean annual precipitation: about 16 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained or well drained, run off is very low or low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high in the upper part and high to very in the gravelly substratum. These soils are subject to flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for wildlife habitat and recreation. Most areas have native vegetation of white spruce forest or balsam poplar forest with an understory of willows and alder. Vegetation patterns reflect flooding frequency.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Copper River Basin, Alaska. The series is of moderate extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: WASILLA, ALASKA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gulkana River Area, Alaska. 1999.
REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this pedon include: Coarse-loamy particle size from 0 to 33 inches
Sandy skeletal particle size from 33 to 60 inches
Organic carbon: assumed irregular decrease based on the stratification and flood history
Soil reaction: more than 5.0(0.01M CaCl2) from 0 to 60 inches
Temperature regime: cryic
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.