LOCATION KOKOSING MI

Established Series
Rev. EPJ-TWH-MLK
08/2012

KOKOSING SERIES

The Kokosing series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in sandy outwash and the underlying loamy till on till plains and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 6.7 degrees C (44 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, semiactive, frigid Aquic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Kokosing sand, on a west-facing, 1 percent slope in an idle field at an elevation of 259 meters (850 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. When described on September 21, 1994 the soil was dry to 24 inches and moist below.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (9 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable, slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

Bw1--23 to 38 cm (9 to 15 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions within the matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron within the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions within the matrix; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron within the matrix; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw3--58 to 69 cm (23 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions within the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron within the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 36 to 79 cm (14 to 31 inches).]

2E/B--69 to 81 cm (27 to 32 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry (E); occupies about 70 percent of horizon surrounding peds of brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam (Bt); moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

2B/E--81 to 96 cm (32 to 38 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam (Bt); common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; occupies about 70 percent of horizon surrounded by light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry (E); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches) thick]

2Bt--96 to 135 cm (38 to 53 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

2C--135 to 203 cm (53 to 80 inches); reddish brown (5YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films in cracks; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent throughout; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Iosco County, Michigan; about 3 miles northeast of Hale; 300 feet north and 800 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 11, T. 23 N., R. 5 E., Plainfield Township; USGS Hale topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 23 minutes 36 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 47 minutes 16 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to redox depletions: 15 to 76 cm (6 to 30 inches)
Depth to the base of the Bw horizon: (51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 71 to 152 cm (28 to 60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 25 to 35 percent clay and 0 to 5 percent rock fragments
Mean annual soil temperature: 7.2 to 8.3 degrees C (45 to 47 degrees F)

Ap horizon:
Value: 2 or 3 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2, moist or dry
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bw horizon:
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E part of 2E/B and 2B/E horizons:
Value: 5 or 6 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3, moist or dry; chroma of 3 only occurs with value of 6 moist or 7 dry
Texture: loamy sand or sandy loam

Bt part of the 2E/B and 2B/E horizons:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR,
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Base saturation: 60 to 80 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Base saturation: 70 to 100 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 or 5
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kokosing soils are on till plains and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in sandy outwash and the underlying loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 762 mm (28 to 30 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 6.1 to 7.2 degrees C (43 to 45 degrees F). Frost-free period is 120 to 130 days. Elevation is 183 to 305 meters (600 to 1,000 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kawkawlin, Morganlake, and Sims series. Kawkawlin soils do not have sandy Bw horizons and are on similar landscapes. Morganlake soils are moderately well drained, have spodic horizons, and are on slightly higher landscape positions. Sims soils are poorly drained, do not have sandy mantles or argillic horizons, and are in depressions and along drainageways.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 76 cm (6 to 30 inches) between October and May in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the sandy upper part and moderately high in the lower loamy part. Permeability is rapid in the sandy upper part and moderate in the lower loamy part.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in cropland and are used for small grains, corn, and hay. Some areas are forested or are idle. Native vegetation includes quaking aspen, paper birch, red maple, bracken fern, low sweet blueberry, and wild-lily-of-the-valley.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 94A in the northeastern lower peninsula of Michigan. This series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Iosco County, Michigan, 1994.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (9 inches) (Ap horizon).
Glossic horizon: from a depth of 69 to 96 cm (27 to 38 inches) (2E/B and 2B/E horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 81 to 135 cm (32 to 53 inches) (Bt part of the 2B/E horizon and the 2Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions: iron depletions present from a depth of 23 to 69 cm (9 to 27 inches) (Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Record number MI0741.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.