LOCATION KOLDA                   NV

Established Series
Rev. KEM/RLB/JVC/JBF
11/2016

KOLDA SERIES

The Kolda series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed rocks. Kolda soils are on lake plains, basin floors, and flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kolda silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 15 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

A2--15 to 56 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4); gradual irregular boundary. (15 to 43 cm thick)

2Bkg1--56 to 99 cm; light gray (5Y 7/1) clay, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; common fine and medium roots; common fine tubular pores; few fine prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) tongues of silt loam filling cracks in the upper 20 cm; few distinct coats of secondary calcium carbonate on faces of peds; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 50 cm thick)

2Bkg2--99 to 152 cm; light gray (5Y 7/1) clay, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; few distinct coats of secondary calcium carbonate on faces of peds; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2).

TYPE LOCATION: White Pine County, Nevada; in the northeastern portion of Newark Valley about 5 miles west of Mooney Basin Summit; 1,200 feet east and 370 feet north of the southwest corner of section 35, T. 23 N., R. 56 E.; USGS Cold Creek Ranch 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 48 minutes 55 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 38 minutes 29 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.8152778 latitude, -115.6413889 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Saturated below the soil surface due to high water table in February to July; dry in the upper part of the profile from August through September; aquic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 58 cm.
Depth to lacustrine deposits: 25 to 58 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: averages 35 to 50 percent.
Textures: Silt loam in the upper part and clay or silty clay in the lower part

A1 horizon
Value: 3 through 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent.
Organic matter content: 3 to 15 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.

A2 horizon
Value: 3 through 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Clay content: 20 to 27 percent.
Organic matter content: 1 to 6 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 15 percent.
Other features: Some pedons have few prominent redoximorphic concentrations.

2Bkg horizons
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 3 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay or silty clay; some pedons have thin subhorizons of silty clay loam.
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent.
Structure: Moderate very fine to medium angular blocky, medium prismatic, or massive.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 4 to 8 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 1 to 12.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 40 percent.
Identifiable secondary carbonates: Some pedons have up to 20 percent nodules in thin subhorizons less than 15 cm thick. Filaments and coats on peds are common in some pedons.
Redoximorphic features: Distinct or prominent redox concentrations of iron are in the 2Bkg horizon; some pedons also have redox depletions.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kolda soils are on lake plains, basin floors, and flood plains. These soils formed in alluvium over lacustrine deposits derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,555 to 2,100 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 9 degrees C., and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boofuss, Duffer, Equis, and Sheffit soils. Boofuss soils are clayey over loamy and have ochric epipedons. Duffer soils are fine-silty and have carbonatic mineralogy, ochric epipedons, cambic horizons, and calcic horizons. Equis soils have carbonatic mineralogy and ochric epipedons. Sheffit soils have ochric epipedons and seasonal high water tables between 150 and 244 cm from the soil surface.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained; medium to very high surface runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with a seasonal high water table between the soil surface and 60 cm (very shallow through moderately deep free water occurrence classes) from October to June. Ponded as well as drained phases are recognized. Some phases are ponded for long duration with up to 30 cm of water or very long duration with up to 90 cm of water.

USE AND VEGETATION: Kolda soils are used for irrigated pasture, livestock grazing, and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly sedge, Baltic rush, bluegrass, and forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRAs 27 and 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: White Pine County (Western Part), Nevada, 1990.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 56 cm (A1 and A2 horizons).
Aquic conditions - The conditions of endosaturation and reduction in horizons between the soil surface and about 60 cm during certain times of the year (A1 and A2 horizons and part of the 2Bkg1 horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (2Bkg1, parts of the A2 and 2Bkg2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.